São José dos Campos Dental School, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University, São José dos Campos, Brazil.
J Appl Oral Sci. 2010 Mar-Apr;18(2):155-65. doi: 10.1590/s1678-77572010000200010.
This study evaluated the surface degradation effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) gel exposure on the glassy matrix ceramics as a function of time.
Disc-shaped ceramic specimens (N = 120, 10/per ceramic material) were prepared in stainless steel molds (inner diameter: 5 mm, height: 2 mm) using 6 dental ceramics: 3 indicated for ceramic-fused-to-metal (Vita Omega 900, Carmen and Vita Titankeramik), 2 for all-ceramic (Vitadur Alpha and Finesse Low Fusing) and 1 for both types of restorations (IPS d.SIGN). The specimens were wet ground finished, ultrasonically cleaned and auto-glazed. All specimens were subjected to calculation of percentage of mass loss, surface roughness analysis and topographical description by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before (0 min) and after exposure to 1.23 % APF gel for 4 min and 60 min representing short- and long-term etching effect, respectively. The data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's test (a=0.05).
Significant effect of the type of the ceramics (p=0.0000, p=0.0031) and exposure time (p=0.0000) was observed in both surface roughness and percentage of mass loss values, respectively. The interaction factor between both parameters was also significant for both parameters (p=0.0904, p=0.0258). Both 4 min (0.44+/-0.1 - 0.81+/-0.2 microm) and 60 min (0.66+/-0.1 - 1.04+/-0.3 microm) APF gel exposure created significantly more surface roughness for all groups when compared to the control groups (0.33+/-0.2 - 0.68+/-0.2 microm) (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in percentage of mass loss between the ceramics at 4 min (p>0.05) but at 60 min exposure, IPS d.SIGN showed the highest percentage of mass loss (0.1151+/-0.11). The mean surface roughness for Vita Titankeramik (0.84+/-0.2 microm) and Finesse Low Fusing (0.74.+/-0.2 microm) was significantly higher than those of the other ceramics (0.59+/-0.1 microm - 0.49+/-0.1 microm) and Vita Titankeramik (p<0.05) regardless of the exposure time. A positive correlation was found between surface roughness and percentage of mass loss for all ceramic materials [(r=0.518 (Vitadur Alpha), r=0.405 (Vita Omega 900), r=0.580 (Carmen), r=0.687 (IPS d.SIGN), r=0.442 (Finesse Low Fusing), r=0.572 (Vita Titankeramik), Pearson's correlation coefficient)]. The qualitative SEM analysis showed evidence of corrosive attack on all of ceramics at varying degrees.
The ceramics indicated for either metal-ceramic or all-ceramic restorations were all vulnerable to surface texture changes and mass loss after short-term and long-term APF gel exposure.
本研究评估了酸蚀磷酸氟化物（APF）凝胶暴露对玻璃基质陶瓷表面降解的影响，作为时间的函数。
使用 6 种牙科陶瓷制备了 120 个圆盘状陶瓷标本（N=120，每种陶瓷材料 10 个）：3 种用于陶瓷熔合金属（Vita Omega 900、Carmen 和 Vita Titankeramik），2 种用于全陶瓷（Vitadur Alpha 和 Finesse Low Fusing），1 种用于两种类型的修复体（IPS d.SIGN）。在不锈钢模具（内径：5mm，高度：2mm）中制备标本，湿磨完成后，超声清洗并自动上釉。所有标本均在暴露于 1.23%APF 凝胶 4 分钟和 60 分钟（分别代表短期和长期蚀刻效应）之前和之后进行质量损失百分比、表面粗糙度分析和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）形貌描述的计算。使用重复测量的两因素方差分析和 Tukey 检验（a=0.05）对数据进行分析。
在表面粗糙度和质量损失百分比值方面，均观察到陶瓷类型（p=0.0000，p=0.0031）和暴露时间（p=0.0000）的显著影响。两个参数之间的相互作用因子在两个参数中也具有显著意义（p=0.0904，p=0.0258）。与对照组（0.33+/-0.2-0.68+/-0.2μm）相比，4 分钟（0.44+/-0.1-0.81+/-0.2μm）和 60 分钟（0.66+/-0.1-1.04+/-0.3μm）APF 凝胶暴露均使所有组的表面粗糙度显著增加（p<0.05）。在 4 分钟时，陶瓷之间的质量损失百分比没有显著差异（p>0.05），但在 60 分钟暴露时，IPS d.SIGN 显示出最高的质量损失百分比（0.1151+/-0.11）。Vita Titankeramik（0.84+/-0.2μm）和 Finesse Low Fusing（0.74+/-0.2μm）的平均表面粗糙度明显高于其他陶瓷（0.59+/-0.1μm-0.49+/-0.1μm）和 Vita Titankeramik（p<0.05），无论暴露时间如何。所有陶瓷材料的表面粗糙度和质量损失百分比之间均存在正相关关系[（r=0.518（Vitadur Alpha），r=0.405（Vita Omega 900），r=0.580（Carmen），r=0.687（IPS d.SIGN），r=0.442（Finesse Low Fusing），r=0.572（Vita Titankeramik），皮尔逊相关系数）]。定性 SEM 分析显示，所有陶瓷均受到不同程度的腐蚀性攻击。
无论是用于金属陶瓷还是全陶瓷修复体的陶瓷，在短期和长期暴露于 APF 凝胶后，均容易发生表面纹理变化和质量损失。
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