Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
Equine Vet J. 2010 Apr;42(3):274-81. doi: 10.2746/042516409X479603.
Carbohydrate (CHO) stored in the form of skeletal muscle glycogen is the main energy source for glycolytic and oxidative ATP production during vigorous exercise in mammals. In man, horse and dog both short-term high intensity and prolonged submaximal exercise deplete muscle glycogen. In horses, however, muscle glycogen synthesis is 2-3-fold slower than in man and rat, even when a diet high in soluble CHO is fed. There appear to be significant differences in CHO and glycogen metabolism between horses and other mammals, and it is becoming increasingly clear that many conclusions drawn from human exercise physiology do not apply to horses. This review aims to provide a comprehensive, comparative summary of the research on muscle glycogen synthesis in horse, man and rodent. Species differences in CHO uptake and utilisation are examined and the issues with feeding high soluble CHO diets to horses are discussed. Alternative feeding strategies, including protein and long and short chain fatty acid supplementation and the importance of rehydration, are explored.
碳水化合物（CHO）以骨骼肌糖原的形式储存，是哺乳动物剧烈运动中糖酵解和氧化产生 ATP 的主要能量来源。在人类、马和狗中，短期高强度和长时间亚最大强度运动都会消耗肌肉糖原。然而，与人和大鼠相比，马的肌肉糖原合成速度慢 2-3 倍，即使喂食高可溶性 CHO 的饮食也是如此。马和其他哺乳动物之间的 CHO 和糖原代谢存在显著差异，越来越明显的是，许多从人类运动生理学中得出的结论不适用于马。本篇综述旨在对马、人和啮齿动物的肌肉糖原合成研究进行全面、比较性的总结。本文探讨了 CHO 摄取和利用的物种差异，并讨论了给马喂食高可溶性 CHO 饮食的问题。还探索了替代喂养策略，包括蛋白质和长链及短链脂肪酸的补充以及水合作用的重要性。
