Tkaczenko Halina, Lukash Oleksandr, Kurhaluk Natalia
Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Słupsk, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland.
Department of Ecology, Geography and Nature Management, T. H. Shevchenko National University "Chernihiv Colehium", 14013 Chernihiv, Ukraine.
J Vet Res. 2024 Mar 23;68(1):155-166. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0017. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Determination of morphological and biochemical blood indices facilitates assessment of the health and welfare of horses, their nutrient demand, the effects of training already undertaken, and the horses' suitability for exercise. Identification of the season-dependent components and the effects of sex and exercise on changes in frequently referenced haematological and biochemical parameters was the main goal of the current study.
The blood morphology of 21 healthy adult Shetland ponies (11 mares and 10 stallions) aged 6.5 ± 1.4 years from the central Pomeranian region in Poland was analysed. Blood samples were taken once per season for one year.
No statistically significant season-dependent differences were found in the blood morphology parameters in either mares or stallions before or after exercise. Beta-coefficient results revealed the strength and type of the relationship of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and granulocyte count (GRA) with the season, of red blood cell count (RBC), haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and mean platelet volume with the sex, and of RDW, white blood cell count, GRA and RBC with the exercise factor. Biomarkers demonstrating the relationship between aerobic and anaerobic levels of energy metabolism in the blood did not show any sex dependency in regression analysis.
The sex-independence of energy metabolism biomarkers may indicate the universality of these parameters. Both seasonality itself and its combination with the exercise factor took part in the formation of effective adaptive reactions for maintenance of morphological blood indices in the ponies during exercise.
测定血液的形态学和生化指标有助于评估马匹的健康和福利状况、它们的营养需求、已进行训练的效果以及马匹对运动的适应性。确定季节相关因素以及性别和运动对常用血液学和生化参数变化的影响是本研究的主要目标。
对来自波兰波美拉尼亚中部地区的21匹6.5±1.4岁健康成年设得兰矮种马（11匹母马和10匹公马）的血液形态进行了分析。在一年的时间里，每个季节采集一次血样。
在运动前后，母马和公马的血液形态学参数均未发现有统计学意义的季节依赖性差异。β系数结果揭示了红细胞分布宽度（RDW）和粒细胞计数（GRA）与季节的关系强度和类型、红细胞计数（RBC）、血细胞比容、平均红细胞体积和平均血小板体积与性别的关系，以及RDW、白细胞计数、GRA和RBC与运动因素的关系。在回归分析中，表明血液中能量代谢的有氧和无氧水平之间关系的生物标志物未显示出任何性别依赖性。
能量代谢生物标志物的性别独立性可能表明这些参数具有普遍性。季节本身及其与运动因素的结合都参与了形成有效的适应性反应，以维持矮种马在运动期间血液形态学指标的稳定。
