Division of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital, Mailstop 208, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Clin Chest Med. 2010 Jun;31(2):221-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2010.02.002.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common and serious cause of metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurocognitive morbidity in children. Children with OSAS have increased upper airway resistance during sleep due to a combination of soft tissue hypertrophy, craniofacial dysmorphology, neuromuscular weakness, or obesity. Consequently, children with OSAS encounter a combination of oxidative stress, inflammation, autonomic activation, and disruption of sleep homeostasis. The threshold amount of OSAS associated with adverse consequences varies widely among children, depending on genetic and environmental factors. The choice of therapy is predicated on the etiology, severity, and natural history of the increased upper airway resistance.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）是儿童代谢、心血管和神经认知疾病的常见且严重的原因。OSAS 患儿由于软组织肥大、颅面畸形、神经肌肉无力或肥胖等多种因素导致睡眠时上气道阻力增加。因此，OSAS 患儿会出现氧化应激、炎症、自主神经激活和睡眠稳态紊乱的综合表现。与不良后果相关的 OSAS 阈值量在儿童中差异很大，这取决于遗传和环境因素。治疗方案的选择取决于上气道阻力增加的病因、严重程度和自然病程。
