Luba Katarzyna, Cutter Thomas W
Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Anesthesiol Clin. 2010 Jun;28(2):295-314. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2010.02.004.
Supraglottic airway devices (SGAs) offer certain advantages over endotracheal intubation, making them particularly well suited for the specific demands of outpatient anesthesia. Patients may tolerate the placement and maintenance of an SGA at a lower dose of anesthetic than that needed for an endotracheal tube; neuromuscular blocking agents are rarely necessary for airway management with an SGA; the incidence of airway morbidity is lower with SGAs than with endotracheal tubes; and SGAs may facilitate faster recovery and earlier discharge of patients. Two limitations of SGAs are incomplete protection against aspiration of gastric contents and inadequate delivery of positive pressure ventilation. Newer variants of the original laryngeal mask airway, the LMA Classic (LMA North America, Inc), as well as an array of other recently developed SGAs, aim to address these limitations. Their utility and safety in specific patient populations (eg, the morbidly obese) and during certain procedures (eg, laparoscopic surgery) remain to be determined.
声门上气道装置（SGA）相对于气管插管具有某些优势，使其特别适合门诊麻醉的特定需求。与气管导管相比，患者在较低麻醉剂量下即可耐受SGA的放置和维持；使用SGA进行气道管理时很少需要神经肌肉阻滞剂；SGA导致气道并发症的发生率低于气管导管；并且SGA可能有助于患者更快恢复和更早出院。SGA的两个局限性是对胃内容物误吸的保护不充分以及正压通气的输送不足。原始喉罩气道（LMA Classic，北美LMA公司）的新型变体以及一系列其他最近开发的SGA旨在解决这些局限性。它们在特定患者群体（如病态肥胖患者）和某些手术过程（如腹腔镜手术）中的效用和安全性仍有待确定。
