Deleuze P, Besnainou F, Hillion M L, Aubry P, Richemond J, Bloch G, Loisance D, Cachera J P
Service de chirurgie cardiovasculaire, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil.
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1991 Mar;84(3):329-33.
From 1981 to 1989, 65 patients over 80 years were submitted to surgery for severe calcific aortic stenosis. Thirteen patients were in NYHA II, 31 in NYHA III, 21 in NYHA IV. Mean valve area was 0.52 +/- 0.14 cm2 and mean aortic valve gradient was 62 +/- 18 mmHg. Left ventricular function was altered (ejection fraction less than 40%) in 33 patients. Six patients had a previous balloon aortic valvuloplasty. Bioprosthesis were used in all 65 patients associated to CABG (in 5) and mitral valve replacement (in 1). One month mortality was 19 cases (29%) due to cardiac failure (in 10) pulmonary (in 7) and neurological (in only 2) complications. Early mortality was nearly significantly correlated to NYHA stage (p = 0.08) and preop renal insufficiency (p = 0.07). It was significantly correlated to function (40% mortality when ejection fraction less than 40%, 16% in others) and to operations on emergency basis (5 deaths over 6). Hospital morbidity was 68%. There were 5 late deaths. Among the 41 long-term survivors (3 mths-7yrs) 29 are in NYHA I, 10 in NYHA II and 2 in NYHA III due to valve failure. The actuarial survival probability is 65% at one year, 50% at 5 years. In summary good long-term results justify to take a high post operative risk in octogenarians. Early surgery before left ventricular impairment improves the survival.
1981年至1989年期间,65例80岁以上患者因重度钙化性主动脉瓣狭窄接受了手术治疗。13例患者为纽约心脏协会(NYHA)心功能II级,31例为NYHA III级,21例为NYHA IV级。平均瓣膜面积为0.52±0.14平方厘米,平均主动脉瓣压差为62±18毫米汞柱。33例患者左心室功能异常(射血分数小于40%)。6例患者曾接受过球囊主动脉瓣成形术。所有65例患者均使用生物瓣膜,并联合冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG,5例)和二尖瓣置换术(1例)。术后1个月死亡率为19例(29%),原因包括心力衰竭(10例)、肺部并发症(7例)和神经系统并发症(仅2例)。早期死亡率与NYHA分级(p = 0.08)和术前肾功能不全(p = 0.07)几乎显著相关。与左心室功能显著相关(射血分数小于40%时死亡率为40%,其他情况为16%),与急诊手术也显著相关(6例中有5例死亡)。医院发病率为68%。有5例晚期死亡。在41例长期存活者(3个月至7年)中,29例为NYHA I级,10例为NYHA II级,2例为NYHA III级,后2例因瓣膜功能衰竭。1年时的精算生存概率为65%,5年时为50%。总之,良好的长期结果证明对八旬老人采取高手术风险是合理的。在左心室功能受损前尽早手术可提高生存率。