Field Disease Investigation Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman 99164, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 2010 Jun;93(6):2458-70. doi: 10.3168/jds.2009-2819.
The objective of the current observational study was to determine the potential associations between cow factors, clinical mastitis (CM) etiology, and concentrations of select acute phase proteins and cytokines in milk from affected quarters of cows with CM. Cows with CM (n=197) were grouped based on systemic disease severity, milk culture result, parity, days in milk (DIM), previous CM occurrence, and season of the year when CM occurred. Concentrations of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), haptoglobin (Hp), BSA, IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-1beta, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha, and TGF-beta and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated. Differences in the least squares means log(10) transformed concentrations of these proteins were compared using multiple linear regression mixed models. The milk concentrations of LBP, Hp, IL-1beta, IL-10, and IL-12, and activity of LDH in milk were higher in cows with moderate to severe versus mild systemic disease. The concentrations of Hp, BSA, IL-1beta, and IL-10 in milk were higher in cows with a gram-negative versus gram-positive milk culture result. Season of the year when CM occurred was associated with the concentration of all proteins evaluated except for IL-1beta and IL-12. Concentrations were higher in the winter versus summer except for Hp and TGF-beta, for which the opposite was true. Concentrations of LBP, IL-10, and IL-12, and LDH activity in milk were associated with DIM group. Except for LBP, these proteins were lower in cows with CM during the first 60 DIM versus those in mid or later lactation. Interferon-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-8 were undetectable in 67, 31, and 20% of samples, respectively. Detection of IFN-gamma and IL-8 was associated with season, and detection of TNF-alpha and IL-8 was associated with systemic disease severity. The current study provides the most comprehensive report of milk concentrations of innate immune response proteins in cows with naturally occurring CM and identifies factors that potentially influence those concentrations. Further investigation into the seasonal variation of cytokine production and its potential effect on the outcome of CM is warranted. Furthermore, the results of this study provide useful data for planning future studies examining the role of the innate immune response in CM.
本观察性研究的目的是确定奶牛因素、临床乳腺炎（CM）病因与乳腺炎患牛乳中特定急性期蛋白和细胞因子浓度之间的潜在关联。根据全身疾病严重程度、奶培养结果、胎次、产奶天数（DIM）、既往 CM 发生情况和 CM 发生的季节对患有 CM 的奶牛（n=197）进行分组。评估了脂多糖结合蛋白（LBP）、触珠蛋白（Hp）、BSA、IFN-γ、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、IL-1β、IL-8、IL-10、IL-12、转化生长因子（TGF）-α和 TGF-β以及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）活性。使用多元线性回归混合模型比较了这些蛋白质的最小二乘均数（log10 转换浓度）的差异。与轻度全身疾病相比，中重度全身疾病奶牛的乳中 LBP、Hp、IL-1β、IL-10 和 LDH 活性更高。革兰氏阴性奶培养结果的奶牛的乳中 Hp、BSA、IL-1β 和 IL-10 浓度更高。CM 发生的季节与除 IL-1β 和 IL-12 之外评估的所有蛋白质的浓度有关。与夏季相比，冬季除 Hp 和 TGF-β 外，所有蛋白质的浓度均较高。LBP、IL-10 和 IL-12 以及乳中 LDH 活性与 DIM 组有关。除 LBP 外，初产牛 60 天内 CM 奶牛的这些蛋白质含量低于中晚期泌乳牛。67%、31%和 20%的样本中分别无法检测到干扰素-γ、TNF-α和 IL-8。IFN-γ和 IL-8 的检测与季节有关，TNF-α和 IL-8 的检测与全身疾病严重程度有关。本研究提供了最全面的关于自然发生 CM 的奶牛乳中先天免疫反应蛋白浓度的报告，并确定了可能影响这些浓度的因素。进一步研究细胞因子产生的季节性变化及其对 CM 结果的潜在影响是有必要的。此外，本研究结果为计划未来研究先天免疫反应在 CM 中的作用提供了有用的数据。
