Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, 3811 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Sleep Med Rev. 2011 Feb;15(1):51-63. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2010.03.001. Epub 2010 May 23.
Sleep duration, sleep continuity, and depression are associated with cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. Despite the well-established relationship between sleep and depression, few studies examine these characteristics simultaneously in the development of cardiometabolic disease. Here, we review available studies that include measures of both sleep and depression in relation to cardiometabolic outcomes (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome). In general, data show that independent of depression, sleep continuity is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and short or long sleep duration is a risk factor for diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. Results for associations between sleep duration and cardiovascular disease, and associations between sleep continuity and metabolic disease, are more mixed. Regarding depression, there is preliminary evidence that depression increases risk for cardiovascular disease, independent of sleep continuity. However, there are insufficient data to address whether relationships between depression and cardiovascular and metabolic disease are independent of sleep duration. A number of biobehavioral mechanisms, including inflammation, hypothalamic and sympathetic dysregulation, and obesity and health behaviors, may account for the relationships among sleep, depression, and cardiometabolic disease. After summarizing these mechanisms, we discuss limitations of the extant literature and suggest directions for future research.
睡眠时长、连续性和抑郁与心血管疾病和代谢紊乱有关。尽管睡眠与抑郁之间的关系已得到充分证实，但很少有研究同时研究这些特征在心脏代谢疾病发展中的作用。在这里，我们回顾了现有的研究，这些研究包括了睡眠和抑郁与心脏代谢结局（心血管疾病、糖尿病和代谢综合征）的关系的测量。总的来说，数据表明，无论是否存在抑郁，睡眠连续性都是心血管疾病的一个危险因素，而睡眠时长过短或过长都是糖尿病和代谢综合征的一个危险因素。关于睡眠时长与心血管疾病之间的关联，以及睡眠连续性与代谢疾病之间的关联，结果更为混杂。关于抑郁，有初步证据表明，抑郁增加了患心血管疾病的风险，这与睡眠连续性无关。然而，目前还没有足够的数据来确定抑郁与心血管和代谢疾病之间的关系是否独立于睡眠时长。一些生物行为机制，包括炎症、下丘脑和交感神经失调以及肥胖和健康行为，可能解释了睡眠、抑郁和心脏代谢疾病之间的关系。在总结这些机制之后，我们讨论了现有文献的局限性，并提出了未来研究的方向。
