Institute of Psychology, Department of Psychological Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Bergheimer St. 20, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
J Aging Health. 2010 Sep;22(6):691-712. doi: 10.1177/0898264310372410. Epub 2010 May 21.
To test whether the onset of functional ability decline in early old age is related to change in speed of cognitive processing and personality characteristics.
Among 500 randomly sampled participants, the 230 cases that did not show impairment in functional ability were selected. Mean age at Time 1 was 62.4 years. For this subsample, the emergence of functional ability decline was tracked across a 12-year observation period.
The emergence of functional ability decline was related to change in speed of cognitive processing. Decline in functional ability was also related to increased neuroticism and external control, whereas this was not the case regarding extraversion and internal control.
Cognitive processing speed was shown to be a predictor of functional disability decline; in addition, the results provided initial evidence that functional ability decline in the early aging phase could be accompanied by changes in personality, particularly neuroticism and external control.
检验认知加工速度的变化和人格特征是否与老年人早期功能能力下降的发生有关。
在随机抽取的 500 名参与者中，选取了 230 名功能能力没有受损的案例。第一次测试的平均年龄为 62.4 岁。在这个子样本中，功能能力下降的出现是通过 12 年的观察期来跟踪的。
功能能力下降的出现与认知加工速度的变化有关。功能能力的下降也与神经质和外部控制的增加有关，而外向性和内部控制则不是这样。
认知加工速度被证明是功能障碍下降的预测因素；此外，研究结果初步表明，在早期衰老阶段，功能能力下降可能伴随着人格的变化，特别是神经质和外部控制。
