临床医生眼中的病毒性细支气管炎
Viral bronchiolitis for the clinician.
作者信息
Fitzgerald Dominic A
机构信息
Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.
出版信息
J Paediatr Child Health. 2011 Apr;47(4):160-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01735.x.
Viral bronchiolitis is common, and about 98-99% of infants are managed in the home. Because about 95% of infants < 2 years old are infected with respiratory syncytial virus, however, bronchiolitis is the commonest reason for admission to hospital in the first 6 months of life. It is usually a self-limiting condition lasting around a week in previously well children. About 1% of infants are admitted to hospital, and about 10% of hospitalised infants will require admission to the intensive care unit. Respiratory syncytial virus is isolated from about 70% of infants hospitalised with bronchiolitis. The emphasis of hospital treatment is to ensure adequate hydration and oxygenation. Other than supplemental oxygen, little in the way of pharmacological treatment has been demonstrated to alter the course of the illness or the risk of wheezing in the months following bronchiolitis.
病毒性细支气管炎很常见，约98 - 99%的婴儿在家中接受治疗。然而，由于约95%的2岁以下婴儿感染呼吸道合胞病毒，细支气管炎是1岁以内婴儿住院的最常见原因。在既往健康的儿童中，它通常是一种自限性疾病，持续约一周。约1%的婴儿需要住院，住院婴儿中约10%需要入住重症监护病房。约70%因细支气管炎住院的婴儿可分离出呼吸道合胞病毒。医院治疗的重点是确保充足的水合作用和氧合作用。除补充氧气外，几乎没有药理学治疗方法被证明能改变疾病进程或降低细支气管炎后数月内喘息的风险。
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