Alsuwaida Abdulkareem O, Farag Youssef M K, Al Sayyari Abdulla A, Mousa Dujanah, Alhejaili Fayez, Al-Harbi Ali, Housawi Abdulrahman, Mittal Bharati V, Singh Ajay K
Renal Division, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2010 Nov;21(6):1066-72.
There are no available data about the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its risk factors in the general population of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. To estimate the prevalence of CKD and its associated risk factors in the Saudi population, we conducted a pilot community-based screening program in commercial centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Candidates were interviewed and blood and urine samples were collected. Participants were categorized to their CKD stage according to their estimated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD3)-based, the new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation and the presence of albuminuria. The sample comprised 491 (49.9% were males) adult Saudi nationals. The mean age was 37.4 ± 11.3 years. The over-all prevalence of CKD was 5.7% and 5.3% using the MDRD-3 and CKD-EPI glomerular filtration equations, respectively. Gender, age, smoking status, body mass index, hypertension and diabetes mel-litus were not significant predictors of CKD in our cohort. However, CKD was significantly higher in the older age groups, higher serum glucose, waist/hip ratio and blood pressure. Only 7.1% of the CKD patients were aware of their CKD status, while 32.1% were told that they had protein or blood in their urine and 10.7% had known kidney stones in the past. We conclude that prevalence of CKD in the young Saudi population is around 5.7%. Our pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of screening for CKD. Screening of high-risk individuals is likely to be the most cost-effective strategy to detect CKD patients.
关于沙特阿拉伯王国普通人群中慢性肾脏病（CKD）的患病率及其危险因素，目前尚无可用数据。为了估计沙特人群中CKD的患病率及其相关危险因素，我们在沙特阿拉伯利雅得的商业中心开展了一项基于社区的试点筛查项目。对候选者进行了访谈，并采集了血液和尿液样本。根据基于肾脏疾病饮食改良（MDRD3）的估计、新的慢性肾脏病流行病学协作组（CKD-EPI）方程以及蛋白尿的存在情况，将参与者分类到他们的CKD阶段。样本包括491名（49.9%为男性）成年沙特国民。平均年龄为37.4±11.3岁。使用MDRD-3和CKD-EPI肾小球滤过方程，CKD的总体患病率分别为5.7%和5.3%。在我们的队列中，性别、年龄、吸烟状况、体重指数、高血压和糖尿病不是CKD的显著预测因素。然而，在年龄较大的组、较高的血清葡萄糖、腰臀比和血压的人群中，CKD的患病率显著更高。只有7.1%的CKD患者知道自己的CKD状况，而32.1%的患者被告知他们的尿液中有蛋白质或血液，10.7%的患者过去曾患过肾结石。我们得出结论，沙特年轻人群中CKD的患病率约为5.7%。我们的试点研究证明了筛查CKD的可行性。筛查高危个体可能是检测CKD患者最具成本效益的策略。
