Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Anxiety Stress Coping. 2011 Mar;24(2):167-78. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2010.488723.
Dimensions of perfectionism and goal orientation have been reported to have differential relationships with test anxiety. However, the degree of inter-relationship between different dimensions of perfectionism, the 2 × 2 model of goal orientations proposed by Elliot and McGregor, cognitive test anxiety, and academic performance indicators is not known. Based on data from 134 university students, we conducted correlation and regression analyses to test associations between adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism, four types of goal orientations, cognitive test anxiety, and two indicators of academic performance: proximal cognitive performance on a word list recall test and distal academic performance in terms of grade point average. Cognitive test anxiety was inversely associated with both performance indicators, and positively associated with maladaptive perfectionism and avoidance goal orientations. Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism accounted for significant variance in cognitive test anxiety after controlling for approach and avoidance goal orientations. Overall, nearly 50% of the variance in cognitive test anxiety could be attributed to gender, goal orientations, and perfectionism. Results suggested that students who are highly test anxious are likely to be women who endorse avoidance goal orientations and are maladaptively perfectionistic.
完美主义和目标取向的维度被报道与考试焦虑有不同的关系。然而，不同维度的完美主义之间的相互关系的程度、埃利奥特和麦格雷戈提出的 2×2 目标取向模型、认知考试焦虑和学业表现指标之间的关系尚不清楚。基于来自 134 名大学生的数据，我们进行了相关和回归分析，以检验适应性和非适应性完美主义、四种目标取向、认知考试焦虑以及学业表现的两个指标（单词列表回忆测试的近端认知表现和平均绩点的远端学业表现）之间的关联。认知考试焦虑与两个表现指标呈负相关，与非适应性完美主义和回避目标取向呈正相关。在控制了接近和回避目标取向之后，适应性和非适应性完美主义可以解释认知考试焦虑的显著差异。总的来说，认知考试焦虑的近 50%的方差可以归因于性别、目标取向和完美主义。结果表明，高度考试焦虑的学生可能是女性，她们支持回避目标取向，并且适应不良地追求完美。
