Medical Research Council Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, United Kingdom.
J Genet Genomics. 2010 May;37(5):281-96. doi: 10.1016/S1673-8527(09)60046-1.
Compartmentation is essential for the localization of biological processes within a eukaryotic cell. ATP synthase localizes to organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts. By contrast, little is known about the subcellular distribution of CTP synthase, the critical enzyme in the production of CTP, a high-energy molecule similar to ATP. Here I describe the identification of a novel intracellular structure containing CTP synthase, termed the cytoophidium, in Drosophila cells. I find that cytoophidia are present in all major cell types in the ovary and exist in a wide range of tissues such as brain, gut, trachea, testis, accessory gland, salivary gland and lymph gland. In addition, I find CTP synthase-containing cytoophidia in other fruit fly species. The observation of compartmentation of CTP synthase now permits a broad range of questions to be addressed concerning not only the structure and function of cytoophidia but also the organization and regulation of CTP synthesis.
区隔对于真核细胞内生物过程的定位是至关重要的。ATP 合酶定位于线粒体和叶绿体等细胞器。相比之下，对于 CTP 合酶的亚细胞分布知之甚少，CTP 合酶是生成高能分子 CTP 的关键酶，其类似于 ATP。在这里，我描述了在果蝇细胞中鉴定到一种包含 CTP 合酶的新型细胞内结构，称为细胞纤维。我发现细胞纤维存在于卵巢的所有主要细胞类型中，并且存在于广泛的组织中，如脑、肠、气管、睾丸、附属腺、唾液腺和淋巴腺。此外，我还在其他果蝇物种中发现了含有 CTP 合酶的细胞纤维。对 CTP 合酶进行区隔的观察现在允许提出广泛的问题，不仅涉及细胞纤维的结构和功能，还涉及 CTP 合成的组织和调节。
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