Watkins David I
Department of Pathology, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
Top HIV Med. 2010 Apr-May;18(2):35-6.
Updates on the Thai clinical vaccine trial, the discovery of additional neutralizing antibodies, and several new, nonhuman primate vaccine studies were presented at the 17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections this year. Interestingly, the vaccine effect observed in the Thai trial diminished with time and was most effective in individuals who reported low-risk behavior. Two new neutralizing monoclonal antibodies were reported that were more potent and broadly reactive than the previously described monoclonal antibodies, giving the neutralization field an important boost. New studies were presented in macaques showing that a DNA prime modified vaccinia virus Ankara boost regimen can reduce acquisition of infection after a low-dose mucosal challenge with a heterologous pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) strain. Data suggesting that attenuated SIV vaccines can induce cellular immune responses that control viral replication were also discussed. Finally, and perhaps most encouragingly, vaccination with cytomegalovirus-expressing SIV antigens provided robust levels of protection against the highly pathogenic SIVmac239 viral isolate. All of these promising results should serve to energize the HIV vaccine field.
在今年的第17届逆转录病毒与机会性感染会议上，介绍了泰国临床疫苗试验的最新情况、新发现的中和抗体以及几项新的非人灵长类动物疫苗研究。有趣的是，在泰国试验中观察到的疫苗效果随时间减弱，且对报告低风险行为的个体最为有效。报告了两种新的中和单克隆抗体，它们比先前描述的单克隆抗体更有效且具有广泛的反应性，为中和领域带来了重要推动。在猕猴身上进行的新研究表明，DNA初免-修饰痘苗病毒安卡拉加强免疫方案可降低用异源致病性猿猴免疫缺陷病毒（SIV）毒株进行低剂量黏膜攻击后感染的获得。还讨论了表明减毒SIV疫苗可诱导控制病毒复制的细胞免疫反应的数据。最后，或许最令人鼓舞的是，用表达巨细胞病毒的SIV抗原进行疫苗接种可提供针对高致病性SIVmac239病毒分离株的强大保护水平。所有这些有希望的结果应能激励HIV疫苗领域。
