Yale University, Department of Psychology, P.O. Box208205, New Haven, CT 06520-8205, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2010 Jul;21(7):944-51. doi: 10.1177/0956797610373882. Epub 2010 Jun 2.
Couples reported on bases for giving support and on relationship satisfaction just prior to and approximately 2 years into marriage. Overall, a need-based, noncontingent (communal) norm was seen as ideal and was followed, and greater use of this norm was linked to higher relationship satisfaction. An exchange norm was seen as not ideal and was followed significantly less frequently than was a communal norm; by 2 years into marriage, greater use of an exchange norm was linked with lower satisfaction. Insecure attachment predicted greater adherence to an exchange norm. Idealization of and adherence to a communal norm dropped slightly across time. As idealization of a communal norm and own use and partner use of a communal norm decreased, people high in avoidance increased their use of an exchange norm, whereas people low in avoidance decreased their use of an exchange norm. Anxious individuals evidenced tighter links between norm use and marital satisfaction relative to nonanxious individuals. Overall, a picture of people valuing a communal norm and striving toward adherence to a communal norm emerged, with secure individuals doing so with more success and equanimity across time than insecure individuals.
夫妻双方在婚前和婚后大约两年时报告了提供支持的依据和关系满意度。总体而言，需要为基础、无条件（共有）规范被视为理想规范，并得到遵循，更多地使用这一规范与更高的关系满意度相关。交换规范被认为不理想，遵循的频率明显低于共有规范；到婚后两年，更多地使用交换规范与较低的满意度相关。不安全的依恋预测更大程度地遵守交换规范。对共有规范的理想化和遵循随着时间的推移略有下降。随着对共有规范的理想化以及自己和伴侣对共有规范的使用减少，回避程度高的人会增加对交换规范的使用，而回避程度低的人则会减少对交换规范的使用。焦虑个体的规范使用与婚姻满意度之间的联系比非焦虑个体更紧密。总的来说，人们重视共有规范并努力遵守共有规范的形象浮现出来，与不安全的个体相比，安全的个体在整个过程中更成功、更平静地做到了这一点。
