College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University/Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.
J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010 May;20(5):925-34. doi: 10.4014/jmb.0908.08036.
Three typical biological solid wastes, animal manure, garbage, and sewage sludge, were compared with regard for the composting process and the changes in microbial community structure. The effect of different bulking agents such as rice straw, vermiculite, sawdust, and waste paper were compared in manure compost. The differences in the microbial community were characterized by the quinone profile method. The highest mass reduction was found in garbage composting (56.8%), compared to manure and sludge at 25% and 20.2%, respectively. A quinone content of 305.2 micromol/kg was observed in the late stage of garbage composting, although the diversity index of quinone profile was 9.7, lower than that in manure composting. The predominant quinone species were found to be MK-7, which corresponds to gram positive bacteria with low G+C content such as Bacillus. The predominance of MK-7 was especially found in garbage and sludge composting process, while the increase in quinones with partially saturated long side chain was shown in late composting process of manure, which corresponded to the proliferation of Actinobacteria. The effect of different bulking agents on the composting process was much smaller than the effect of different raw materials. High organic matter content in the raw materials results in a higher microbial biomass and activity, which was connected to the high mass reduction rate.
比较了三种典型的生物固体废弃物（动物粪便、垃圾和污泥）在堆肥过程中微生物群落结构的变化。比较了不同的膨胀剂（如稻草、蛭石、木屑和废纸）在粪便堆肥中的效果。用醌图谱法表征微生物群落的差异。垃圾堆肥的质量减少最大（56.8%），而粪便和污泥分别为 25%和 20.2%。在垃圾堆肥的后期观察到醌含量为 305.2 微摩尔/千克，尽管醌图谱的多样性指数为 9.7，低于粪便堆肥。主要的醌类物质是 MK-7，它对应于革兰氏阳性菌，具有低 GC 含量，如芽孢杆菌。MK-7 在垃圾和污泥堆肥过程中特别占优势，而在粪便堆肥后期，部分饱和长侧链的醌类物质增加，这与放线菌的增殖相对应。不同膨胀剂对堆肥过程的影响远小于不同原料的影响。原料中高的有机物含量导致更高的微生物生物量和活性，这与高的质量减少率有关。
