Villar Iria, Alves David, Garrido Josefina, Mato Salustiano
Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
Waste Manag. 2016 Aug;54:83-92. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.05.011. Epub 2016 May 25.
During composting, facilities usually exert greater control over the bio-oxidative phase of the process, which uses a specific technology and generally has a fixed duration. After this phase, the material is deposited to mature, with less monitoring during the maturation phase. While there has been considerable study of biological parameters during the thermophilic phase, there is less research on the stabilization and maturation phase. This study evaluates the effects of the type of starting material on the evolution of microbial dynamics during the maturation phase of composting. Three waste types were used: sludge from the fish processing industry, municipal sewage sludge and pig manure, each independently mixed with shredded pine wood as bulking agent. The composting system for each waste type comprised a static reactor with capacity of 600L for the bio-oxidative phase followed by stabilization and maturation phase in triplicate 200L boxes for 112days. Phospholipid fatty acids, enzyme activities and physico-chemical parameters were measured throughout the maturation phase. The evolution of the total microbial biomass, Gram + bacteria, Gram - bacteria, fungi and enzymatic activities (β-glucosidase, cellulase, protease, acid and alkaline phosphatase) depended significantly on the waste type (p<0.001). The predominant microbial community for each waste type remained present throughout the maturation process, indicating that the waste type determines the microorganisms that are able to develop at this stage. While fungi predominated during fish sludge maturation, manure and municipal sludge were characterized by a greater proportion of bacteria. Both the structure of the microbial community and enzymatic activities provided important information for monitoring the composting process. More attention should be paid to the maturation phase in order to optimize composting.
在堆肥过程中，设施通常对该过程的生物氧化阶段施加更大的控制，该阶段采用特定技术且通常具有固定的持续时间。在此阶段之后，物料被堆放至熟化，熟化阶段的监测较少。虽然在嗜热阶段对生物学参数进行了大量研究，但对稳定和熟化阶段的研究较少。本研究评估了起始物料类型对堆肥熟化阶段微生物动态演变的影响。使用了三种废物类型：鱼类加工业的污泥、城市污水污泥和猪粪，每种都分别与切碎的松木作为膨松剂混合。每种废物类型的堆肥系统包括一个容量为600L的静态反应器用于生物氧化阶段，随后在三个200L的箱子中进行稳定和熟化阶段，持续112天。在整个熟化阶段测量了磷脂脂肪酸、酶活性和物理化学参数。总微生物生物量、革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌、真菌和酶活性（β-葡萄糖苷酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶、酸性和碱性磷酸酶）的演变显著取决于废物类型（p<0.001）。在整个熟化过程中，每种废物类型的主要微生物群落都保持存在，这表明废物类型决定了在这个阶段能够生长的微生物。虽然在鱼类污泥熟化过程中真菌占主导，但粪便和城市污泥的特征是细菌比例更高。微生物群落结构和酶活性都为监测堆肥过程提供了重要信息。为了优化堆肥，应更多地关注熟化阶段。
