Department of Psychiatry, Salvini Hospital, Rho, Italy.
Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2010 Jul;23(4):349-55. doi: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e32833ad783.
To perform a critical appraisal of reports on suicide attempts published in 2009, looking for features and predictors of suicidal behavior.
We searched Psychinfo, Embase, and Pubmed in the period from 1 December 2008 to 31 December 2009 looking for papers on suicide attempt. Rates of suicide attempts are in line with previous data and confirm a north-south gradient in the suicide attempt rate. Previous attempts are the strongest risk factors for further attempt. Moreover, we point out the importance of mood disorders (in particular depression) and personality disorders, unemployment, and a medium age as risk factors. In adolescence, the repetition rate seems to overlap that of the adult population, though the samples are very small. Even in this case, the presence of a previous suicide attempt increases the risk for repeated suicide attempt. By contrast, the role of psychiatric and demographic variables is less clear. Studies on personality disorders confirm that having a personality disorder increases the risk for further attempt, but this correlation is significantly less strong for fatal repetition. In depressed patients, the presence of anxiety perhaps acts as a protective factor.
The risk for a suicide attempt is higher for people who had previously attempted. Having a psychiatric diagnosis and more specifically a mood disorder is also a strong predictor for both fatal and nonfatal suicide attempt.
对 2009 年发表的关于自杀未遂的报告进行批判性评估，寻找自杀行为的特征和预测因素。
我们在 2008 年 12 月 1 日至 2009 年 12 月 31 日期间在 Psychinfo、Embase 和 Pubmed 上搜索了关于自杀未遂的论文。自杀未遂的发生率与先前的数据相符，证实了自杀未遂率的南北梯度。以前的尝试是进一步尝试的最强危险因素。此外，我们指出心境障碍（特别是抑郁症）和人格障碍、失业以及中年是危险因素的重要性。在青春期，重复率似乎与成年人群体重叠，尽管样本很小。即使在这种情况下，以前有过自杀企图也会增加重复自杀企图的风险。相比之下，精神科和人口统计学变量的作用不太清楚。人格障碍的研究证实，人格障碍会增加进一步尝试的风险，但这种相关性对于致命的重复尝试来说要弱得多。在抑郁患者中，焦虑的存在可能起到保护因素的作用。
以前有过自杀企图的人再次自杀的风险更高。有精神科诊断，更具体地说是心境障碍，也是致命和非致命自杀企图的强烈预测因素。
