Mapato Chaowarit, Wanapat Metha, Cherdthong Anusorn
Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
Trop Anim Health Prod. 2010 Dec;42(8):1635-42. doi: 10.1007/s11250-010-9613-3. Epub 2010 Jun 5.
Four crossbreds (75% Holstein Friesian) lactating dairy cows were used to evaluate the effects of sunflower oil (SFO) levels and roughage source on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation, milk yield, and milk composition. Four milking cows with average liveweight of 410 ± 25 kg and 18 ± 11 days in milk were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design, in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with SFO levels (3% or 6%) in the concentrate and the roughage source [rice straw (RS) or urea-treated RS (UTRS)] being the main factors. Four dietary treatments as (1) 3% SFO + RS, (2) 6% SFO + RS, (3) 3% SFO + UTRS, and (4) 6% SFO + UTRS were offered ad libitum total mixed ration, with a concentrate/roughage ratio of 60:40. The results were found that UTRS as a roughage source significantly increased feed intake, digestibility, concentration of acetic acid in rumen fluid, rumen ammonia-nitrogen, blood-urea nitrogen, milk urea-nitrogen, and milk yield (3.5% fat-corrected milk) compared with cows fed on untreated RS. Supplementation of SFO at 3% in the concentrate-supplemented group having increased dry matter intake, milk fat percentage, and milk yield (3.5% fat-corrected milk) compared with 6% SFO supplementation. However, there were no interaction effects between level of SFO in the concentrate and roughage source in any of the factors studied.
选用4头杂交（75%荷斯坦弗里生牛）泌乳奶牛，评估葵花籽油（SFO）水平和粗饲料来源对采食量、养分消化率、瘤胃发酵、产奶量和乳成分的影响。根据4×4拉丁方设计，将4头平均体重为410±25千克、产奶18±11天的奶牛，按照2×2析因安排，以精料中SFO水平（3%或6%）和粗饲料来源[稻草（RS）或尿素处理稻草（UTRS）]作为主要因素进行随机分组。四种日粮处理分别为：（1）3% SFO + RS，（2）6% SFO + RS，（3）3% SFO + UTRS，（4）6% SFO + UTRS，自由采食全混合日粮，精料/粗饲料比例为60:40。结果发现，与饲喂未处理稻草的奶牛相比，以UTRS作为粗饲料来源显著提高了采食量、消化率、瘤胃液中乙酸浓度、瘤胃氨氮、血尿素氮、乳尿素氮和产奶量（3.5%乳脂校正乳）。与添加6% SFO相比，在添加精料组中添加3% SFO提高了干物质采食量、乳脂率和产奶量（3.5%乳脂校正乳）。然而，在所研究的任何因素中，精料中SFO水平和粗饲料来源之间均无交互作用。
