Gallagher Sharon, McGilloway Sinéad
Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, County Kildare, Ireland.
Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2009 Fall;11(4):235-48.
This two-stage study was undertaken to assess the extent and nature of Critical Incident Stress (CIS) amongst frontline staff in a large ambulance service in Ireland. In Stage One, 63% (112/180) of participants completed a Screening Questionnaire and the GHQ-12. In Stage Two, 27 participants, who had experienced a critical incident (CI) during the previous year completed several measures to assess PTSD symptomatology, burnout, health-related Quality of Life, and dispositional optimism. Eighty-one per cent (80/94) of the Stage One group reported that their health had been affected by a CI; 42% (44/106) were identified as 'cases' on the GHQ-12. Stage Two results indicated that 12 participants had PTSD symptoms while this entire group showed moderate levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, despite experiencing high levels of personal accomplishment and optimism. The findings suggest a high prevalence of CIS among ambulance personnel in Ireland and a significant impact on overall health and wellbeing. This has important implications for the effective management of CIS and suggests an important role for occupational health and organizational psychologists in providing routine support to ambulance service staff andpossibly other emergency services personnel.
这项两阶段研究旨在评估爱尔兰一家大型救护车服务机构一线工作人员中严重事件应激（CIS）的程度和性质。在第一阶段，63%（112/180）的参与者完成了一份筛查问卷和一般健康问卷-12（GHQ-12）。在第二阶段，27名在前一年经历过严重事件（CI）的参与者完成了多项测评，以评估创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）症状、职业倦怠、健康相关生活质量和性格乐观程度。第一阶段组中81%（80/94）的人报告称他们的健康受到严重事件的影响；42%（44/106）的人在一般健康问卷-12上被认定为“病例”。第二阶段的结果表明，12名参与者有创伤后应激障碍症状，而尽管这整个组都有较高水平的个人成就感和乐观情绪，但他们都表现出中度的情绪耗竭和去个性化程度。研究结果表明，爱尔兰救护车工作人员中严重事件应激的患病率很高，且对整体健康和幸福有重大影响。这对严重事件应激的有效管理具有重要意义，并表明职业健康和组织心理学家在为救护车服务人员以及可能还有其他应急服务人员提供常规支持方面可发挥重要作用。
