Pajonk Frank-Gerald Bernhard, Cransac Philippe, Müller Vincent, Teichmann Alexander, Meyer Wolfgang
Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, The Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany.
Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2012;14(4):257-68.
Emergency medical personnel (EMP) are repeatedly exposed to traumatic and stressful events with possible consequences on their mental wellbeing. Out of the group of EMP, we chose German Emergency Physicians (EP), because they represent a distinct group within the German pre-hospital emergency services. In this group, we studied the prevalence rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), burnout and depression. We specifically focussed on the role of personality and other factors of vulnerability. Four hundred eighty-seven German EPs answered questionnaires with scales assessing probable PTSD, burnout, depression, and personality factors. Additionally, we asked for biographic, occupational and mental health information. More than 90% of the participants reported at least one traumatic event. We found low to moderate levels of stress-related disorders with 16.8% of participants meeting the criteria for probable PTSD, 4.1% for burnout, and 3.1% for clinical depression. We identified four clusters of personalities that were related to the prevalence of PTSD and depression. The type of personality seems to be more predictive of the development of trauma and stress-related disorders than the EPs' traumatic experiences.
急救医疗人员（EMP）反复接触创伤性和应激性事件，这可能会对他们的心理健康产生影响。在急救医疗人员群体中，我们选择了德国急诊医生（EP），因为他们在德国院前急救服务中代表了一个独特的群体。在这个群体中，我们研究了创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、职业倦怠和抑郁症的患病率。我们特别关注人格的作用以及其他易感性因素。487名德国急诊医生回答了问卷，问卷中的量表用于评估可能的创伤后应激障碍、职业倦怠、抑郁症和人格因素。此外，我们还询问了个人经历、职业和心理健康信息。超过90%的参与者报告至少经历过一次创伤性事件。我们发现与压力相关的疾病水平较低至中等，16.8%的参与者符合可能的创伤后应激障碍标准，4.1%符合职业倦怠标准，3.1%符合临床抑郁症标准。我们确定了与创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症患病率相关的四类人格。人格类型似乎比急诊医生的创伤经历更能预测创伤和与压力相关疾病的发生。
