Bourne Douglas A, Choo Anthony M, Regan William D, Macintyre Donna L, Oxland Thomas R
Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Engineering Research, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
J Biomech Eng. 2009 Dec;131(12):121009. doi: 10.1115/1.4000284.
Noninvasive measurement of scapular kinematics using skin surface markers presents technical challenges due to the relative movement between the scapula and the overlying skin. The objectives of this study were to develop a noninvasive subject-specific skin correction factor that would enable a more accurate measurement of scapular kinematics and evaluate this new technique via comparison with a gold standard for scapular movement. Scapular kinematics were directly measured using bone pins instrumented with optoelectronic marker carriers in eight healthy volunteers while skin motion was measured simultaneously with optoelectronic markers attached to the skin surface overlying the scapula. The relative motion between the skin markers and the underlying scapula was estimated over a range of humeral orientations by palpating and digitizing bony landmarks on the scapula and then used to calculate correction factors that were weighted by humeral orientation. The scapular kinematics using these correction factors were compared with the kinematics measured via the bone pins during four arm movements in the volunteers: abduction, forward reaching, hand behind back, and horizontal adduction. The root-mean-square (rms) errors for the kinematics determined from skin markers without the skin correction factors ranged from 5.1 deg to 9.5 deg while the rms errors with the skin correction factors ranged from 1.4 deg to 3.0 deg. This technique appeared to perform well for different movements and could possibly be extended to other applications.
由于肩胛骨与覆盖其上的皮肤之间存在相对运动，使用皮肤表面标记进行肩胛骨运动学的无创测量存在技术挑战。本研究的目的是开发一种针对个体的无创皮肤校正因子，以实现对肩胛骨运动学更准确的测量，并通过与肩胛骨运动的金标准进行比较来评估这项新技术。在八名健康志愿者中，使用装有光电标记载体的骨针直接测量肩胛骨运动学，同时使用附着在肩胛骨上方皮肤表面的光电标记同步测量皮肤运动。通过触诊和数字化肩胛骨上的骨性标志点，在一系列肱骨方位上估计皮肤标记与下方肩胛骨之间的相对运动，然后用于计算按肱骨方位加权的校正因子。在志愿者进行的四种手臂运动（外展、前伸、手背后和水平内收）过程中，将使用这些校正因子得到的肩胛骨运动学与通过骨针测量的运动学进行比较。未使用皮肤校正因子时，由皮肤标记确定的运动学的均方根（rms）误差范围为5.1度至9.5度，而使用皮肤校正因子时，rms误差范围为1.4度至3.0度。这项技术在不同运动中表现良好，可能会扩展到其他应用中。
