African Program for Onchocerciasis Control, Epidemiology and Vector Elimination, Rue Naba Zombre 1538, Sector 9 Door Number 1473, Ougadougou, Burkina Faso.
Acta Trop. 2011 Sep;120 Suppl 1:S81-90. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.05.008. Epub 2010 Jun 4.
Onchocerciasis can be effectively controlled by annual mass treatment with ivermectin in endemic communities. However, in communities that are endemic for loiasis there may be significant risk of severe adverse reactions after ivermectin treatment. Planning of control requires therefore mapping of these two infections using rapid assessment tools developed for each disease. These tools were initially implemented independently till the feasibility of combining them was demonstrated. This paper reports the results of integrated mapping in four epidemiological zones in the Democratic Republic of Congo and its implications on operational decision-making on ivermectin treatment.
Rapid assessment surveys were conducted between 2004 and 2005 using both rapid epidemiological mapping of onchocerciasis (REMO) and rapid assessment procedure for loiasis (RAPLOA). The survey results were subjected to a spatial analysis in order to generate for each of the two diseases maps of the estimated prevalence of infection throughout the four zones.
Surveys were undertaken in 788 villages where 25,754 males were examined for palpable onchocercal nodules and 62,407 people were interviewed for history of eye worm. The results showed major differences in the geographic distribution of the two diseases. Loiasis was highly endemic in some areas, where special precautions were required, but not in others where routine ivermectin treatment could proceed.
Integrated rapid mapping of onchocerciasis and loiasis reduces both time and cost of surveys and greatly facilitates operational decision-making on ivermectin treatment in areas where loiasis might be co-endemic.
在流行地区，每年用伊维菌素对人群进行大规模治疗可以有效控制盘尾丝虫病。然而，在罗阿丝虫病流行地区，使用伊维菌素治疗后可能会出现严重不良反应，风险很大。因此，规划控制措施需要使用针对每种疾病开发的快速评估工具来绘制这两种感染的地图。这些工具最初是独立实施的，直到证明可以将它们结合使用的可行性。本文报告了在刚果民主共和国的四个流行病学区域中整合绘图的结果，及其对伊维菌素治疗的操作决策的影响。
2004 年至 2005 年期间，使用快速盘尾丝虫病流行病学绘图（REMO）和罗阿丝虫病快速评估程序（RAPLOA）进行了快速评估调查。对调查结果进行了空间分析，以便为两种疾病中的每一种生成整个四个区域内感染估计患病率的地图。
在 788 个村庄进行了调查，其中检查了 25754 名男性是否有可触及的盘尾丝虫结节，对 62407 人进行了眼部蠕虫病病史访谈。结果显示，这两种疾病的地理分布存在很大差异。在某些地区，罗阿丝虫病高度流行，需要特别注意，但在其他地区，常规伊维菌素治疗可以进行。
盘尾丝虫病和罗阿丝虫病的综合快速绘图减少了调查的时间和成本，并极大地促进了在可能存在罗阿丝虫病共同流行的地区对伊维菌素治疗的操作决策。
