WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
Chem Soc Rev. 2010 Nov;39(11):4388-401. doi: 10.1039/b916787k. Epub 2010 Jun 4.
Catalysts generated by the addition of carbon, nitrogen or phosphorus to transition metals have interesting properties and potential applications. The addition of carbon, nitrogen or phosphorus can lead to substantial modification of the catalytic efficacy of the parent metal and some carbides and nitrides are claimed to be comparable to noble metals in their behaviour. Amorphous boron transition metal alloys are also a class of interesting catalyst, although their structures and phase composition are more difficult to define. In this critical review, the preparation of these catalysts is described and brief details of their application given. To date, attention has largely centred upon the application of these materials as alternatives for existing catalysts. However, novel approaches towards their utilisation can be envisaged. For example, the extent to which it is possible to utilise the "activated" carbon and nitrogen species within the host lattices of carbides and nitrides, respectively, as a reactant remains largely unexplored (195 references).
添加碳、氮或磷到过渡金属中所生成的催化剂具有有趣的性质和潜在的应用。添加碳、氮或磷可以导致母体金属的催化效率发生实质性的改变，并且一些碳化物和氮化物据称在行为上可与贵金属相媲美。非晶态硼过渡金属合金也是一类有趣的催化剂，尽管它们的结构和相组成更难定义。在这篇重要的评论中，描述了这些催化剂的制备，并简要介绍了它们的应用。迄今为止，人们主要关注的是将这些材料作为现有催化剂的替代品来应用。然而，可以设想对它们的利用进行新的尝试。例如，在多大程度上可以分别利用碳化物和氮化物主晶格内的“活化”碳和氮物种作为反应物，这在很大程度上仍未得到探索（195 篇参考文献）。
