College of Medicine, Arizona Health Sciences Center, University of Arizona, PO Box 245052, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
J Sch Health. 2010 May;80(5):240-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1746-1561.2010.00496.x.
The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of factors related to self-esteem, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally, among 2 cohorts of girls over a period of 4 years, from elementary through middle school.
A multiethnic sample of 656 elementary school girls recruited from 13 schools in Hayward, CA, and Tucson, AZ, was evaluated annually over a 4-year period. The McKnight Risk Factor Survey IV was administered, which consists of 103 questions that assess self-esteem, appearance appraisal, effect of body changes, depressed mood, teasing, school performance, and other factors. In addition, participants' heights and weights were measured.
The most important predictor of self-esteem in each grade was appearance appraisal, and, in all grades but the eighth, weight-related teasing by either boys or girls was also a predictor of self-esteem. Teasing about weight was more important than body weight itself in predicting self-esteem. Self-esteem was lower in girls who were teased about their weight, even if they believed that it had no effect on how they felt about themselves. School performance predicted self-esteem in grades 6 and 8. In longitudinal analyses, the participant's current perception of her appearance was more important than her previous level of self-esteem in predicting current self-esteem.
The results of this study support the need to allocate funding to address the issue of teasing as 1 of the stressors in the school environment, and to explore further the important relationship between school performance and self-esteem.
本研究的目的是分析自尊相关因素的影响，包括横断面和纵向研究，在两个女孩队列中，跨越四年，从小学到中学。
一项多民族样本，包括 656 名来自加利福尼亚州海沃德和亚利桑那州图森的 13 所学校的小学生，在四年期间每年接受评估。采用了 McKnight 风险因素调查 IV，其中包括 103 个问题，评估自尊、外貌评价、身体变化的影响、抑郁情绪、嘲笑、学校表现和其他因素。此外，还测量了参与者的身高和体重。
在每个年级，自尊的最重要预测因素是外貌评价，而在除了八年级之外的所有年级，男孩或女孩因体重而进行的嘲笑也是自尊的预测因素。与体重相关的嘲笑比体重本身更能预测自尊。即使女孩们认为体重对她们的自我评价没有影响，但如果她们因体重而受到嘲笑，她们的自尊就会降低。学业成绩在六年级和八年级预测了自尊。在纵向分析中，参与者当前对自己外貌的看法比以前的自尊水平更能预测当前的自尊。
这项研究的结果支持需要拨款解决在学校环境中嘲笑作为压力源之一的问题，并进一步探讨学业成绩和自尊之间的重要关系。
