从性别视角探讨影响老年人户外康乐身体活动的因素。
A gender perspective on factors that influence outdoor recreational physical activity among the elderly.
机构信息
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, General Practice Lund University, Sweden.
出版信息
BMC Geriatr. 2010 Jun 8;10:34. doi: 10.1186/1471-2318-10-34.
BACKGROUND
Physical activity (PA) is part of a healthy lifestyle and prevents many chronic health problems, in addition to promoting mental health. PA performed outdoors has been found particularly good for promoting one's well-being. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which outdoor recreational PA was carried out during 1 year, and the factors influencing such activities from a gender perspective among persons >or= 60 years of age.
METHODS
This study included 999 individuals 60-96 years of age living in the south eastern part of Sweden. Data collection was carried out during the years of 2001-2003. We measured the amount of regular light and/or intense outdoor recreational PA performed during the last year and determined the probability of performing PA as a function of 10 variables covering individual and socioeconomic factors.
RESULTS
Our results suggest that being independent physically and healthy enough to manage one's personal hygiene and having access to areas for country walks were the most important factors associated with the probability of engaging in outdoor recreational PA for both men and women. Despite the level of performance being almost equal for the sexes as two-thirds of both had performed outdoor recreational PA during the preceding year more factors, i.e., living alone, being unable to cover an unexpected cost, fear of being violated, and fear of falling, were associated with the possibilities of engaging in outdoor recreational PA among women. Also increasing age seems to affect activities among women negatively to a higher extent than men.
CONCLUSION
Men and women seem to have different opportunities and needs with respect to performing PA. These considerations do not seem to be sufficiently taken into account today and improvements could be made concerning e.g., health-promoting activities suggested to the elderly by healthcare personnel and spatial planning within society. Promoting outdoor recreational PA that has restorative effects on well-being needs to focus on activities which are attractive and affordable for the majority of both men and women.
背景
体力活动（PA）是健康生活方式的一部分，可预防许多慢性健康问题，此外还有助于促进心理健康。户外活动已被发现特别有益于促进人的幸福感。本研究的目的是从性别角度调查 60 岁以上人群在 1 年内进行户外休闲体力活动的程度，以及影响这些活动的因素。
方法
本研究包括居住在瑞典东南部的 999 名 60-96 岁的个体。数据收集于 2001-2003 年进行。我们测量了过去 1 年中经常进行的轻度和/或剧烈户外休闲体力活动的量，并根据涵盖个人和社会经济因素的 10 个变量确定了进行体力活动的概率。
结果
我们的结果表明，身体上独立和健康状况足以自理个人卫生，以及有机会进行乡村散步，是男女从事户外休闲体力活动概率的最重要因素。尽管男女的表现水平几乎相等，因为三分之二的人在过去一年中进行了户外休闲体力活动，但更多的因素，如独居、无法承担意外费用、害怕被侵犯和害怕跌倒，与女性从事户外休闲体力活动的可能性有关。此外，年龄的增长似乎对女性的活动产生更大的负面影响，比男性更为明显。
结论
男性和女性在进行体力活动方面似乎有不同的机会和需求。这些考虑因素似乎没有得到充分考虑，今天可以在例如医疗保健人员向老年人建议的促进健康的活动和社会内的空间规划方面进行改进。促进对幸福感有恢复作用的户外休闲体力活动需要关注对大多数男女都具有吸引力和负担得起的活动。
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