Medical Research Council/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit (Agincourt), School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Acornhoek, South Africa.
Glob Health Action. 2010 Jun 3;3. doi: 10.3402/gha.v3i0.5080.
This article is a review of the PhD thesis of Mark Collinson, titled, 'Striving against adversity: the dynamics of migration, health and poverty in rural South Africa'. The findings show that in rural South Africa, temporary migration has a major impact on household well-being and health. Remittances from migrants make a significant difference to socioeconomic status (SES) in households left behind by the migrant. For the poorest households the key factors improving SES are government grants and female temporary migration, while for the less poor it is male temporary migration and local employment. Migration is associated with HIV but not in straightforward ways. Migrants that return more frequently may be less exposed to outside partners and therefore less implicated in the HIV epidemic. There are links between migration and mortality patterns, including a higher risk of dying for returnee migrants compared with permanent residents. A mother's migration impacts significantly on child survival for South African and former refugee parents, but there is an additional mortality risk for children of Mozambican former refugees. It is recommended that national censuses and surveys account for temporary migration when collecting information on household membership, because different migration types have different outcomes. Without discriminating between different migration types, the implications for sending and receiving communities will remain lost to policy-makers.
这是一篇对马克·科林森（Mark Collinson）的博士论文《逆境中的奋斗：南非农村地区移民、健康和贫困的动态》的评论。研究结果表明，在南非农村，临时移民对家庭福祉和健康有重大影响。移民汇款对留守移民家庭的社会经济地位（SES）有重大影响。对于最贫困的家庭来说，改善 SES 的关键因素是政府补贴和女性临时移民，而对于不太贫困的家庭来说，男性临时移民和当地就业是关键因素。移民与 HIV 有关，但并不是简单的关系。返回频率较高的移民可能接触外部伴侣的机会较少，因此较少涉及 HIV 流行。移民与死亡模式之间存在联系，包括返回移民比常住居民的死亡风险更高。母亲的移民对南非和前难民父母的儿童生存有重大影响，但莫桑比克前难民的儿童有额外的死亡风险。建议在收集家庭成员信息时，国家人口普查和调查应考虑临时移民，因为不同的移民类型有不同的结果。如果不区分不同的移民类型，那么对派遣社区和接收社区的影响将仍然不为决策者所知。
