Kim Mi-Hyun, Lee Moon-Kyu
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI), Seoul, Korea.
Korean Diabetes J. 2010 Feb;34(1):2-9. doi: 10.4093/kdj.2010.34.1.2. Epub 2010 Feb 28.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing in prevalence worldwide. The complications associated with T2DM result in increased mortality and financial cost for those affected. T2DM has long been known to be associated with insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and a relative degree of insulin deficiency. However, the concept that insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity are not linked through a hyperbolic relationship in T2DM has continuously been demonstrated in many clinical trials. Thus, in order to prevent and treat T2DM, it is necessary to identify the substance(s) that will improve the function and survival of the pancreatic beta-cells in both normal and pathologic conditions, so that production and secretion of insulin can be enhanced. Incretin hormones, such as glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), have been shown to lower the postprandial and fasting glucose and the glycated hemoglobin levels, suppress the elevated glucagon level, and stimulate glucose-dependent insulin synthesis and secretion. In this report, we will review the biological actions and mechanisms associated with the actions of incretin hormones, GLP-1 and GIP, on beta-cell health and compare the differences between GLP-1 and GIP.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）在全球范围内的患病率正在上升。与T2DM相关的并发症导致受影响者的死亡率增加和经济成本上升。长期以来，人们一直认为T2DM与外周组织中的胰岛素抵抗以及相对程度的胰岛素缺乏有关。然而，在许多临床试验中不断证明，T2DM中胰岛素分泌和胰岛素敏感性并非通过双曲线关系联系在一起。因此，为了预防和治疗T2DM，有必要确定在正常和病理条件下能够改善胰腺β细胞功能和存活的物质，从而增强胰岛素的产生和分泌。肠促胰岛素激素，如胰高血糖素样肽（GLP）-1和葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素多肽（GIP），已被证明可降低餐后和空腹血糖以及糖化血红蛋白水平，抑制升高的胰高血糖素水平，并刺激葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素的合成和分泌。在本报告中，我们将综述与肠促胰岛素激素GLP-1和GIP作用相关的生物学作用和机制，以及它们对β细胞健康的影响，并比较GLP-1和GIP之间的差异。
