Apfel R E, Holland C K
Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520.
Ultrasound Med Biol. 1991;17(2):179-85. doi: 10.1016/0301-5629(91)90125-g.
Although no deleterious effects form diagnostic ultrasound have been reported in epidemiologic studies and surveys of widespread clinical usage (Ziskin and Petitti 1988), the conditions for the onset of transient cavitation must be investigated in the total evaluation of potential risks associated with diagnostic ultrasound applications. An extension of the results from the approximate theory developed by Holland and Apfel (1989) is applied in this paper to a population of nuclei to predict the onset of cavitation in host fluids with physical properties similar to those of biological fluids. From this analysis and from results of recent in vitro cavitation experiments, an index is developed which can gauge the likelihood of substantial microbubble growth in the presence of short-pulse, low-duty cycle diagnostic ultrasound.
尽管在流行病学研究以及广泛临床应用的调查中均未报告诊断超声产生的有害影响（齐斯金和佩蒂蒂，1988年），但在对诊断超声应用相关潜在风险的全面评估中，必须研究瞬态空化发生的条件。本文将霍兰德和阿普费尔（1989年）提出的近似理论结果扩展应用于一群核，以预测在物理性质与生物流体相似的宿主流体中发生空化的情况。基于此分析以及近期体外空化实验的结果，开发了一个指数，该指数可以衡量在短脉冲、低占空比诊断超声存在的情况下微泡大量生长的可能性。
