Damiani Giuseppe
Istituto di Genetica Molecolare / Evolutionary Genetics, CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia (Italy).
Riv Biol. 2009 Sep-Dec;102(3):421-48.
According to neo-Darwinian theory, biological evolution is produced by natural selection of random hereditary variations. This assumption stems from the idea of a mechanical and deterministic world based on the laws of classic physics. However, the increased knowledge of relationships between metabolism, epigenetic systems, and editing of nucleic acids suggests the existence of self-organized processes of adaptive evolution in response to environmental stresses. Living organisms are open thermodynamic systems which use entropic decay of external source of electromagnetic energy to increase their internal dynamic order and to generate new genetic and epigenetic information with a high degree of coherency and teleonomic creativity. Sensing, information processing, and decision making of biological systems might be mainly quantum phenomena. Amplification of microscopic quantum events using the long-range correlation of fractal structures, at the borderline between deterministic order and unpredictable chaos, may be used to direct a reproducible transition of the biological systems towards a defined macroscopic state. The discoveries of many natural genetic engineering systems, the ability to choose the most effective solutions, and the emergence of complex forms of consciousness at different levels confirm the importance of mind-action directed processes in biological evolution, as suggested by Alfred Russel Wallace. Although the main Darwinian principles will remain a crucial component of our understanding of evolution, a radical rethinking of the conceptual structure of the neo-Darwinian theory is needed.
根据新达尔文主义理论,生物进化是由随机遗传变异的自然选择产生的。这一假设源于基于经典物理定律的机械决定论世界的观念。然而,对新陈代谢、表观遗传系统和核酸编辑之间关系的深入了解表明,存在着响应环境压力的适应性进化的自组织过程。生物体是开放的热力学系统,它们利用外部电磁能量源的熵衰减来增加其内部动态秩序,并以高度的连贯性和目的性创造力产生新的遗传和表观遗传信息。生物系统的感知、信息处理和决策可能主要是量子现象。利用分形结构的长程相关性在确定性秩序和不可预测的混沌之间的边界处放大微观量子事件,可用于引导生物系统向确定的宏观状态进行可重复的转变。许多自然遗传工程系统的发现、选择最有效解决方案的能力以及不同层次复杂意识形式的出现,证实了阿尔弗雷德·拉塞尔·华莱士所提出的心理作用导向过程在生物进化中的重要性。尽管达尔文主义的主要原则仍将是我们理解进化的关键组成部分,但需要对新达尔文主义理论的概念结构进行彻底反思。