Bray R M, Marsden M E, Peterson M R
Center for Social Research and Policy Analysis, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Am J Public Health. 1991 Jul;81(7):865-9. doi: 10.2105/ajph.81.7.865.
Understanding the effectiveness of policies and programs aimed at combating substance abuse in the military requires comparison with the civilian population from which military personnel are drawn.
Standardized comparisons of the use of alcohol, drugs, and cigarettes among military personnel and civilians were conducted with data from the 1985 Worldwide Survey of Alcohol and Nonmedical Drug Use among Military Personnel and the 1985 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse. The two data sets were equated for age and geographic location of respondents, and civilian substance use rates were standardized to reflect the sociodemographic distribution of the military.
Military personnel were significantly less likely than civilians to use drugs, but were significantly more likely to use alcohol and cigarettes and to engage in heavy use of alcohol and cigarettes. Heavy drinking was especially likely among young military men. Military women were similar to military men in their smoking and drug use patterns.
Findings suggest that military policies and programs have been notably effective in reducing drug use, but that efforts to limit alcohol and cigarette use should be intensified. Military efforts directed against alcohol abuse should be targeted toward younger men, while smoking and drug prevention programs should be directed toward both men and women.
要了解旨在打击军队中药物滥用问题的政策和项目的成效，需要与招募军事人员的平民人口进行比较。
利用1985年全球军事人员酒精和非医疗药物使用调查以及1985年全国家庭药物滥用调查的数据，对军事人员和平民在酒精、毒品和香烟使用方面进行标准化比较。将两个数据集按受访者年龄和地理位置进行了等同处理，并对平民药物使用率进行了标准化，以反映军队的社会人口分布情况。
军事人员使用毒品的可能性明显低于平民，但使用酒精和香烟以及大量使用酒精和香烟的可能性明显更高。大量饮酒在年轻男性军人中尤其常见。军事女性在吸烟和吸毒模式上与男性军人相似。
研究结果表明，军事政策和项目在减少药物使用方面成效显著，但限制酒精和香烟使用的努力应加强。针对酗酒问题的军事行动应针对年轻男性，而吸烟和毒品预防项目应针对男性和女性。
