Bray R M, Marsden M E, Guess L L, Herbold J R
Mil Med. 1989 Jan;154(1):1-11.
This paper presents data on substance use by military personnel from a series of worldwide surveys conducted in 1985, 1982, and 1980 with primary emphasis on the 1985 survey. Estimates are based on responses from participants serving on active duty in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. Results for 1985 indicate pervasive use of alcohol, substantial use of tobacco, and low nonmedical use of drugs among military personnel. Average daily consumption of alcohol declined significantly from 1.4 ounces in 1982 to 1.2 ounces in 1985, but the patterns of use remained relatively constant. Nonmedical drug use during the past 30 days declined significantly, from 27.0% in 1980, to 19.0% in 1982, to 8.9% in 1985. Cigarette smoking declined significantly from 51.4% in 1982 to 46.2% in 1985. Current alcohol and drug use is concentrated among younger, less educated, unmarried, and junior and mid-career enlisted personnel. Cigarette pack years are higher among males, whites, those with less than a high school education, and senior enlisted personnel. Results show progress in reducing drug use and smoking in the military, but little change in patterns of alcohol use. New initiatives and approaches by the military to further reduce substance abuse are discussed.
本文呈现了来自1985年、1982年和1980年一系列全球调查的军事人员物质使用数据，主要侧重于1985年的调查。估计数据基于陆军、海军、海军陆战队和空军现役人员的回答。1985年的结果表明军事人员中酒精使用普遍、烟草使用量大且药物非医疗用途使用率低。酒精的日均消费量从1982年的1.4盎司显著下降至1985年的1.2盎司，但使用模式相对保持不变。过去30天内的药物非医疗用途使用率显著下降，从1980年的27.0%降至1982年的19.0%，再降至1985年的8.9%。吸烟率从1982年的51.4%显著下降至1985年的46.2%。当前的酒精和药物使用集中在年轻、受教育程度较低、未婚以及初级和中级职业的现役人员中。男性、白人、高中以下学历者以及高级现役人员的吸烟包年数更高。结果显示军队在减少药物使用和吸烟方面取得了进展，但酒精使用模式变化不大。文中还讨论了军队为进一步减少物质滥用而采取的新举措和方法。
