Institute for Infrastructure and Environment, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, William Rankine Building, Mayfield Road, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Scotland, United Kingdom.
J Environ Manage. 2010 Sep;91(9):1855-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.04.009.
Severe rainfall events have become increasingly common in Europe. Flood defence engineering works are highly capital intensive and can be limited by land availability, leaving land and communities exposed to repeated flooding. Any adaptive drainage structure must have engineered inlets and outlets that control the water level and the rate of release. In Scotland, there are a relatively high number of drinking water reservoirs (operated by Scottish Water), which fall within this defined category and could contribute to flood management control. Reducing the rate of runoff from the upper reaches of a catchment will reduce the volume and peak flows of flood events downstream, thus allowing flood defences to be reduced in size, decreasing the corresponding capital costs. A database of retention basins with flood control potential has been developed for Scotland. The research shows that the majority of small and former drinking water reservoirs are kept full and their spillways are continuously in operation. Utilising some of the available capacity to contribute to flood control could reduce the costs of complying with the EU Flood Directive. Furthermore, the application of a previously developed classification model for Baden in Germany for the Scottish data set showed a lower diversity for basins in Scotland due to less developed infrastructure. The principle value of this approach is a clear and unambiguous categorisation, based on standard variables, which can help to promote communication and understanding between stakeholders.
欧洲的强降雨事件变得越来越常见。防洪工程的资金投入非常高，并且可能受到土地可用性的限制，使土地和社区反复面临洪水的威胁。任何自适应排水结构都必须具有工程入口和出口，以控制水位和释放速度。在苏格兰，有相对较多的饮用水水库（由苏格兰水务公司运营），这些水库属于这一定义类别，并且可以为洪水管理控制做出贡献。减少集水区上游的径流量将减少下游洪水事件的体积和峰值流量，从而可以减小防洪设施的规模，降低相应的资本成本。苏格兰已经开发了一个具有防洪潜力的蓄滞洪区数据库。研究表明，大多数小型和以前的饮用水水库都保持满水位，溢洪道持续运行。利用一些可用的容量来协助防洪可以降低遵守欧盟洪水指令的成本。此外，对德国巴登地区先前开发的分类模型应用于苏格兰数据集的结果表明，由于基础设施欠发达，苏格兰流域的多样性较低。该方法的主要价值在于基于标准变量的清晰、明确的分类，这有助于促进利益相关者之间的沟通和理解。
