Karolinska Institutet, Public Health Sciences, Norrbacka, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
Karolinska Institutet, Public Health Sciences, Norrbacka, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
Soc Sci Med. 2010 Aug;71(3):576-583. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.05.008. Epub 2010 May 25.
One of the proposed causes for the gender gap in longevity is the attitudes and practices culturally prescribed for men, often conceptualised as 'masculinity'. It has also been suggested that paternity leave, indicating a change from breadwinning to caring, could benefit men's lifetime health. In this study, the objective was to examine associations between 'masculinity' (assessed at the age of 18-19 years), paternity leave (1988-1990), and mortality patterns (1991-2008) based on a population of Swedish men who had a child in 1988/89 (N=72,569). 'Masculinity' was measured during the compulsory military conscription process by a psychologist based on leisure and occupational interests, and paternity leave was measured in fulltime days by registry data. The main finding was that low 'masculinity' ranking increased the risk of all-cause mortality, and mortality from alcohol and violent causes, while taking paternity leave between 30 and 135 days decreased the risk of all-cause mortality. However, the weak association found between 'masculinity' and paternity leave indicates that entering a caring role as a father is not predicted by 'masculinity' assessed in late adolescence, and that the studied phenomena influence male mortality independently of each other.
造成长寿方面性别差异的一个原因是文化上为男性规定的态度和行为，这些态度和行为通常被概念化为“男性气质”。有人还提出，陪产假（表明从养家糊口到照顾家庭的转变）可能有益于男性的终身健康。本研究的目的是根据在 1988/89 年生育子女的瑞典男性人群（N=72569），检查“男性气质”（在 18-19 岁时评估）、陪产假（1988-1990 年）与死亡率模式（1991-2008 年）之间的关联。“男性气质”是在兵役征召过程中由心理学家根据休闲和职业兴趣来衡量的，陪产假则根据登记数据以全职天数衡量。主要发现是，“男性气质”排名较低会增加全因死亡率和因酒精和暴力导致的死亡率的风险，而休 30 至 135 天陪产假则会降低全因死亡率的风险。然而，“男性气质”和陪产假之间的弱关联表明，作为父亲进入照顾角色并不取决于青春期后期评估的“男性气质”，并且所研究的现象彼此独立地影响男性死亡率。
