Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20876, USA.
Trends Immunol. 2010 Jun;31(6):220-7. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2010.04.002. Epub 2010 Jun 1.
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) plays an important role in tumor initiation and progression, functioning as both a suppressor and a promoter. The mechanisms underlying this dual role of TGF-beta remain unclear. TGF-beta exerts systemic immune suppression and inhibits host immunosurveillance. Neutralizing TGF-beta enhances CD8+ T-cell- and NK-cell-mediated anti-tumor immune responses. It also increases neutrophil-attracting chemokines resulting in recruitment and activation of neutrophils with an antitumor phenotype. In addition to its systemic effects, TGF-beta regulates infiltration of inflammatory/immune cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment causing direct changes in tumor cells. Understanding TGF-beta regulation at the interface of tumor and host immunity should provide insights into developing effective TGF-beta antagonists and biomarkers for patient selection and efficacy of TGF-beta antagonist treatment.
转化生长因子β(TGF-β)在肿瘤的发生和发展中起着重要作用,既是抑制因子又是促进因子。TGF-β这种双重作用的机制尚不清楚。TGF-β发挥全身免疫抑制作用,抑制宿主免疫监视。中和 TGF-β可增强 CD8+T 细胞和 NK 细胞介导的抗肿瘤免疫反应。它还增加了吸引中性粒细胞的趋化因子,导致具有抗肿瘤表型的中性粒细胞募集和激活。除了全身作用外,TGF-β还调节肿瘤微环境中炎症/免疫细胞和癌相关成纤维细胞的浸润,导致肿瘤细胞的直接变化。了解肿瘤与宿主免疫界面的 TGF-β调节,应可为开发有效的 TGF-β拮抗剂和生物标志物,用于患者选择和 TGF-β拮抗剂治疗的疗效提供思路。