濒危俄罗斯远东人参的遗传变异和种群结构。

Genetic variability and population structure of endangered Panax ginseng in the Russian Primorye.

机构信息

Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Soil Science of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia.

出版信息

Chin Med. 2010 Jun 11;5:21. doi: 10.1186/1749-8546-5-21.

DOI:10.1186/1749-8546-5-21

PMID:20540716

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2898772/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The natural habitat of wild P. ginseng is currently found only in the Russian Primorye and the populations are extremely exhausted and require restoration. Analysis of the genetic diversity and population structure of an endangered species is a prerequisite for conservation. The present study aims to investigate the patterns and levels of genetic polymorphism and population structures of wild P. ginseng with the AFLP method to (1) estimate the level of genetic diversity in the P. ginseng populations in the Russian Primorsky Krai, (2) calculate the distribution of variability within a population and among populations and (3) examine the genetic relationship between the populations.

METHODS

Genetic variability and population structure of ten P. ginseng populations were investigated with Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers. The genetic relationships among P. ginseng plants and populations were delineated.

RESULTS

The mean genetic variability within populations was high. The mean level of polymorphisms was 55.68% at the population level and 99.65% at the species level. The Shannon's index ranged between 0.1602 and 0.3222 with an average of 0.2626 at the population level and 0.3967 at the species level. The analysis of molecular variances (AMOVA) showed a significant population structure in P. ginseng. The partition of genetic diversity with AMOVA suggested that the majority of the genetic variation (64.5%) was within populations of P. ginseng. The inter-population variability was approximately 36% of the total variability. The genetic relationships among P. ginseng plants and populations were reconstructed by Minimum Spanning tree (MS-tree) on the basis of Euclidean distances with ARLEQUIN and NTSYS, respectively. The MS-trees suggest that the southern Uss, Part and Nad populations may have promoted P. ginseng distribution throughout the Russian Primorye.

CONCLUSION

The P. ginseng populations in the Russian Primorye are significant in genetic diversity. The high variability demonstrates that the current genetic resources of P. ginseng populations have not been exposed to depletion.

摘要

背景

野生人参的自然栖息地目前仅在俄罗斯滨海边疆区发现，其种群极其枯竭，需要恢复。对濒危物种遗传多样性和种群结构的分析是保护的前提。本研究旨在利用 AFLP 方法研究野生人参的遗传多态性和种群结构模式和水平，（1）估计俄罗斯滨海边疆区人参种群的遗传多样性水平，（2）计算种群内和种群间变异性的分布，（3）检验种群间的遗传关系。

方法

用扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）标记法研究了 10 个人参种群的遗传变异性和种群结构。绘制了人参植物和种群之间的遗传关系图。

结果

种群内的平均遗传变异性较高。种群水平的多态性平均值为 55.68%，种水平的多态性平均值为 99.65%。香农指数在种群水平上的范围为 0.1602-0.3222，平均值为 0.2626，在种水平上的范围为 0.3967。分子方差分析（AMOVA）显示人参种群存在显著的种群结构。AMOVA 分析表明，遗传多样性的大部分（64.5%）存在于人参种群内。种群间的变异性约占总变异性的 36%。利用 ARLEQUIN 和 NTSYS 分别基于欧几里得距离构建最小生成树（MS-树），重建人参植物和种群之间的遗传关系。MS-树表明，南乌苏里、帕托和纳德种群可能促进了人参在俄罗斯滨海边疆区的分布。