Department of Kansei Behavioral Brain Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
Exp Brain Res. 2010 Jul;204(2):145-62. doi: 10.1007/s00221-010-2314-3. Epub 2010 Jun 11.
Motor learning ensures the accuracy of our daily movements. However, we know relatively little about its mechanisms, particularly for voluntary movements. Saccadic eye movements serve to bring the image of a visual target precisely onto the fovea. Their accuracy is maintained not by on-line sensory feedback but by a learning mechanism, called saccade adaptation. Recent studies on saccade adaptation have provided valuable additions to our knowledge of motor learning. This review summarizes what we know about the characteristics and neural mechanisms of saccade adaptation, emphasizing recent findings and new ideas. Long-term adaptation, distinct from its short-term counterpart, seems to be present in the saccadic system. Accumulating evidence indicates the involvement of the oculomotor cerebellar vermis as a learning site. The superior colliculus is now suggested not only to generate saccade commands but also to issue driving signals for motor learning. These and other significant contributions have advanced our understanding of saccade adaptation and motor learning in general.
运动学习确保了我们日常运动的准确性。然而，我们对其机制知之甚少，特别是对于自主运动。扫视眼动使视觉目标的图像精确地落在中央凹上。它们的准确性不是通过在线感觉反馈来维持的，而是通过一种被称为扫视适应的学习机制来维持的。最近对扫视适应的研究为我们对运动学习的认识提供了有价值的补充。这篇综述总结了我们对视动适应的特征和神经机制的了解，强调了最近的发现和新的想法。长期适应，与短期适应不同，似乎存在于扫视系统中。越来越多的证据表明，眼动小脑蚓部参与了学习过程。现在有人认为，上丘不仅产生扫视命令，而且还发出运动学习的驱动信号。这些和其他重要的贡献提高了我们对视动适应和一般运动学习的理解。
