Ekenna O, Chikwem J O, Mohammed I, Durojaiye S O
University of Maiduguri, Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Nigeria.
West Afr J Med. 2010 Mar-Apr;29(2):91-7.
In 1990, an outbreak of a febrile illness with high mortality was reported in border villages, later spreading to other areas of Borno State of Nigeria.
To present a report of the investigation of that outbreak, with emphasis on the characterisation of hospitalised patients.
Selected centres reporting cases of acute febrile illness during the months of August to December, 1990 were visited, to establish surveillance. Case investigation forms were used to obtain clinical and demographic data; and blood samples were obtained from patients for analyses. Only hospitalised patients with adequate clinical information from three centres were included in the analysis.
The outbreak, which involved five of the six health zones in the state, and spread into adjoining Gongola state and the Cameroun Republic, was caused by the yellow fever virus. Fever, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, jaundice and haemorrhage were the most common clinical manifestations of 102 hospitalised patients. Eighty -three (81%) of hospitalised patients died and most within two days of admission. CNS manifestations were more common in dying patients than in survivors.
The reasons for this rare outbreak of yellow fever in the dry Savannah belt of Borno State remain unclear. Improved surveillance and more effective prevention strategies are needed to avert the recurrence of such outbreaks.
1990年，尼日利亚博尔诺州边境村庄报告了一场死亡率很高的发热性疾病疫情，随后蔓延至该州其他地区。
报告此次疫情的调查情况，重点描述住院患者的特征。
走访了在1990年8月至12月期间报告急性发热性疾病病例的选定中心，以建立监测。使用病例调查表获取临床和人口统计学数据；采集患者血样进行分析。分析仅纳入来自三个中心且有足够临床信息的住院患者。
此次疫情涉及该州六个卫生区中的五个，并蔓延至毗邻的贡戈拉州和喀麦隆共和国，疫情由黄热病毒引起。发热、中枢神经系统受累、黄疸和出血是102例住院患者最常见的临床表现。83名（81%）住院患者死亡，且大多在入院后两天内死亡。中枢神经系统表现在死亡患者中比在幸存者中更常见。
博尔诺州干燥萨赫勒地带此次罕见的黄热病疫情原因尚不清楚。需要加强监测并采取更有效的预防策略，以避免此类疫情再次发生。
