Ripich D N, Vertes D, Whitehouse P, Fulton S, Ekelman B
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106.
Brain Lang. 1991 Apr;40(3):330-43. doi: 10.1016/0093-934x(91)90133-l.
Conversational discourse patterns of 11 normal elderly and 11 senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) patients engaged in dyadic interaction with an examiner were examined. Differences in word usage, turn taking, and speech act production were investigated both for the two-subject groups and for the examiner's conversations with each group. Compensatory shifts in discourse by participants are identified. For the subject, differences were shown on words per turn with SDAT subjects speaking in shorter turns and in nonverbal responses with SDAT subjects using this strategy more frequently. Speech act categories of Requestives and Assertives also differed with SDAT subjects using more Requestives and fewer Assertives. The SDAT subjects had significantly more occurrences of unintelligible utterances. For the examiner, words per turn differed with the examiner using shorter turns with SDAT subjects. No differences were shown in the examiner's patterns of speech act usage, nonverbal responses, or intelligibility. In general, these results indicate significant discourse differences in the words per turn level for all participants and speech act levels of conversation for SDAT subjects. They also indicate generally maintained interaction patterns by speakers so that the discourse genre of conversation is sustained. The pattern of compensatory shifts in discourse suggests retained flexibility in the communication system of early and mid stage SDAT patients.
研究了11名正常老年人和11名阿尔茨海默病类型的老年痴呆症（SDAT）患者与一名检查者进行二元互动时的对话话语模式。对两个受试者组以及检查者与每个组的对话中的用词、话轮转换和言语行为产生的差异进行了调查。确定了参与者在话语中的补偿性转变。对于受试者，结果显示，SDAT受试者每次话轮的用词较少，话轮较短，并且更频繁地使用这种策略进行非语言回应。请求性和断言性言语行为类别也存在差异，SDAT受试者使用更多的请求性言语行为和更少的断言性言语行为。SDAT受试者出现明显更多的难以理解的话语。对于检查者，与SDAT受试者对话时，检查者每次话轮的用词较少，话轮较短。检查者在言语行为使用模式、非语言回应或可理解性方面没有差异。总体而言，这些结果表明，所有参与者在每次话轮水平上以及SDAT受试者在对话的言语行为水平上存在显著的话语差异。它们还表明说话者通常保持互动模式，从而维持对话的话语类型。话语中的补偿性转变模式表明，早期和中期SDAT患者的沟通系统保留了灵活性。
