Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-003, Japan.
J Nurs Manag. 2010 Apr;18(3):311-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01070.x.
This study explored (1) expected roles for specialist nurses in Japan and (2) nurse administrators' experience-based management strategies for effective implementation of these roles. Background In Japan, specialist nurses have begun to be recognized as valuable human resources. However, managerial issues in utilizing specialist nurses, including unclear roles and lack of reports on effective management strategies, remain.
Three focus-group discussions were conducted. Nine nurse administrators participated. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis techniques.
The expected roles for specialist nurses were: (1) facilitating general nurses' learning; (2) monitoring and improving the patient care standard; and (3) developing new roles for nursing. Two management strategies were: (1) enhancing specialist nurses' influence, and (2) enhancing specialist nurses' motivation.
Specialist nurses are important human resources able to assume responsibility for process improvement in nursing care. Effective ways to enhance specialist nurses' influence and motivation include developing their management and communication skills, and coordinating their workload and relationships with other health care professionals.
Process improvement indicators may be useful for evaluating specialist nurses' work. Nurse administrators can contribute to effective implementation of specialist nurses' roles not only by clarifying their roles but also by empowering them to keep up with changing organizational needs.
本研究旨在探讨（1）在日本，专科护士的预期角色，以及（2）护士管理人员基于经验的管理策略，以有效实施这些角色。背景：在日本，专科护士已开始被视为有价值的人力资源。然而，在利用专科护士方面仍存在管理问题，包括角色不明确和缺乏关于有效管理策略的报告。
进行了三次焦点小组讨论，共有 9 名护士管理人员参与。采用定性内容分析技术对数据进行分析。
专科护士的预期角色包括：（1）促进普通护士的学习；（2）监测和提高患者护理标准；以及（3）为护理开发新角色。两种管理策略是：（1）增强专科护士的影响力，以及（2）增强专科护士的积极性。
专科护士是能够承担护理工作流程改进责任的重要人力资源。增强专科护士影响力和积极性的有效方法包括培养他们的管理和沟通技巧，协调他们的工作量以及与其他卫生保健专业人员的关系。
流程改进指标可用于评估专科护士的工作。护士管理人员不仅可以通过明确其角色，而且可以通过赋予他们权力以适应不断变化的组织需求，为有效实施专科护士的角色做出贡献。
