Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G2W1, Canada.
Poult Sci. 2010 Jul;89(7):1345-54. doi: 10.3382/ps.2009-00445.
The effectiveness of a pneumatic nonpenetrating captive bolt (Zephyr) was assessed for on-farm euthanasia of turkeys and compared with blunt force trauma, manual cervical dislocation, and mechanical cervical dislocation using a burdizzo. The Zephyr (n = 46) and burdizzo (n = 26) were evaluated in turkey hens (11.4 +/- 0.1 kg), the Zephyr (n = 46) and blunt trauma (n = 32) were evaluated in turkey toms (13.1 +/- 0.2 kg), and the Zephyr (n = 12), blunt trauma (n = 11), and manual cervical dislocation (n = 7) were evaluated in broiler turkeys (4.1 +/- 0.3 kg). The nictitating membrane and pupillary light reflexes were monitored continuously to determine when insensibility occurred. Time of death was estimated based on the end time of convulsions and sustained absence of breathing. The nictitating membrane reflex was present immediately after treatment in all 26 hens killed with a burdizzo versus 8 of 46 hens killed with the Zephyr (P < 0.001). The presence of eye reflexes did not differ between the Zephyr and blunt trauma for toms (1 of 26 toms killed with blunt trauma, 2 of 44 toms killed with the Zephyr, P = 1.0). The nictitating membrane reflex persisted in a greater proportion of broiler turkeys killed with cervical dislocation (7 of 7) versus the Zephyr (0 of 12, P < 0.001) and blunt trauma (2 of 9, P = 0.003) but did not differ between blunt trauma and the Zephyr (P = 0.2). End time of convulsions did not differ between the Zephyr and burdizzo for hens (204 +/- 8 vs. 114 +/- 10 s, P = 0.5) or between the Zephyr and blunt trauma for toms (200 +/- 7 s vs. 218 +/- 11.8 s, P = 0.4) but was shorter after cervical dislocation in broiler turkeys (cervical dislocation: 138 +/- 13 s, Zephyr: 165 +/- 7 s, blunt trauma: 178 +/- 13 s, P < 0.001). Results demonstrated that the Zephyr (discharged twice in immediate succession) and blunt trauma (single hit) were similarly effective at consistently causing immediate insensibility. Conversely, neither method of cervical dislocation caused immediate insensibility. This study may assist in revising current poultry euthanasia recommendations.
评估了气动非穿透性固定螺栓（Zephyr）在农场对火鸡实施安乐死的效果，并将其与钝力创伤、手动颈椎脱位和使用 burdizzo 的机械颈椎脱位进行了比较。在 11.4 ± 0.1 公斤的火鸡母鸡中评估了 Zephyr（n = 46）和 burdizzo（n = 26），在 13.1 ± 0.2 公斤的火鸡公鸡中评估了 Zephyr（n = 46）和钝力创伤（n = 32），在 4.1 ± 0.3 公斤的肉鸡火鸡中评估了 Zephyr（n = 12）、钝力创伤（n = 11）和手动颈椎脱位（n = 7）。连续监测瞬膜和瞳孔对光反射，以确定何时出现无意识。根据抽搐结束时间和呼吸持续停止来估计死亡时间。在所有 26 只用 burdizzo 杀死的母鸡中，瞬膜反射立即出现，而在 46 只用 Zephyr 杀死的母鸡中，有 8 只出现（P < 0.001）。在公鸡中，Zephyr 和钝力创伤之间的眼部反射没有差异（在 26 只用钝力创伤杀死的公鸡中，有 1 只出现反射，在 44 只用 Zephyr 杀死的公鸡中，有 2 只出现反射，P = 1.0）。在更大比例的使用颈椎脱位杀死的肉鸡中（7 只），瞬膜反射持续存在，而在 Zephyr（0 只）和钝力创伤（2 只）中则没有（P < 0.001），但在钝力创伤和 Zephyr 之间没有差异（P = 0.2）。在母鸡中，Zephyr 和 burdizzo 之间的抽搐结束时间没有差异（204 ± 8 秒 vs. 114 ± 10 秒，P = 0.5），在公鸡中，Zephyr 和钝力创伤之间的抽搐结束时间也没有差异（200 ± 7 秒 vs. 218 ± 11.8 秒，P = 0.4），但在肉鸡中，颈椎脱位后的抽搐结束时间更短（颈椎脱位：138 ± 13 秒，Zephyr：165 ± 7 秒，钝力创伤：178 ± 13 秒，P < 0.001）。结果表明，Zephyr（连续两次放电）和钝力创伤（单次打击）在一致引起即时无意识方面同样有效。相反，颈椎脱位的两种方法都没有引起即时无意识。本研究可能有助于修订当前的家禽安乐死建议。
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