Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
Vet Rec. 2010 Nov 27;167(22):850-8. doi: 10.1136/vr.c5051.
Three experiments were conducted to assess brain damage resulting from percussive bolt shooting and cervical dislocation by crushing (neck crushing) in turkey hens (mean [se] bodyweight 11.4 [0.1] kg); percussive bolt shooting and blunt trauma in turkey toms (13.1 [0.2] kg); and percussive bolt shooting, blunt trauma and cervical dislocation by stretching (neck stretching) in broiler turkeys (3.9 [0.3] kg). Brain and skull damage were assessed using macroscopic and microscopic evaluations and CT. Macroscopic subcutaneous haemorrhage was significantly greater with the percussive bolt in all three experiments (hens P=0.01, toms P=0.02, broilers P=0.0003), and skull fractures were more severe for toms (P<0.0001) and broilers (P=0.03) killed with the percussive bolt versus blunt trauma. In a subsample of turkeys, microscopic brain damage was present in all turkeys killed by percussive bolt shooting (five hens, 10 toms and four broilers) and blunt trauma (nine toms and three broilers), but only in one of four turkeys killed by neck crushing and one of four turkeys killed by neck stretching. Percussive bolt shooting and blunt trauma most likely caused death by directly disrupting brain function, whereas neck stretching and neck crushing probably resulted in death from cerebral hypoxia and ischaemia.
进行了三项实验，以评估在火鸡母鸡（平均[se]体重 11.4 [0.1]公斤）中使用撞击式螺栓射击和颈椎脱位（颈部挤压）、在火鸡公鸡（13.1 [0.2]公斤）中使用撞击式螺栓射击和钝性创伤、以及在肉鸡火鸡（3.9 [0.3]公斤）中使用撞击式螺栓射击、钝性创伤和通过拉伸（颈部拉伸）造成的脑损伤。使用宏观和微观评估以及 CT 评估大脑和颅骨损伤。在所有三项实验中，使用撞击式螺栓时，大脑皮下明显出现更多的皮下出血（母鸡 P=0.01，公鸡 P=0.02，肉鸡 P=0.0003），并且使用撞击式螺栓杀死的公鸡（P<0.0001）和肉鸡（P=0.03）颅骨骨折更为严重。在火鸡的一个亚样本中，所有使用撞击式螺栓射击（5 只母鸡、10 只公鸡和 4 只肉鸡）和钝性创伤（9 只公鸡和 3 只肉鸡）杀死的火鸡都存在微观大脑损伤，但只有 4 只母鸡、1 只公鸡和 1 只肉鸡被颈断和颈缩处死。撞击式螺栓射击和钝性创伤很可能通过直接破坏大脑功能导致死亡，而颈部拉伸和颈部挤压可能导致脑缺氧和缺血性死亡。
