National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20894, USA.
Nat Rev Genet. 2010 Jul;11(7):487-98. doi: 10.1038/nrg2810.
Multiple constraints variously affect different parts of the genomes of diverse life forms. The selective pressures that shape the evolution of viral, archaeal, bacterial and eukaryotic genomes differ markedly, even among relatively closely related animal and bacterial lineages; by contrast, constraints affecting protein evolution seem to be more universal. The constraints that shape the evolution of genomes and phenomes are complemented by the plasticity and robustness of genome architecture, expression and regulation. Taken together, these findings are starting to reveal complex networks of evolutionary processes that must be integrated to attain a new synthesis of evolutionary biology.
多种约束因素以不同的方式影响着不同生命形式的基因组的不同部分。塑造病毒、古菌、细菌和真核生物基因组进化的选择压力差异显著，即使在相对密切相关的动物和细菌谱系中也是如此；相比之下，影响蛋白质进化的约束因素似乎更为普遍。影响基因组和表型进化的约束因素与基因组结构、表达和调控的可塑性和稳健性相辅相成。这些发现共同揭示了复杂的进化过程网络，必须整合这些网络才能实现进化生物学的新综合。
