Arráez-Aybar L A, Navia-Álvarez P, Méndez-Cendón J C
Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology II, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2011 Jan;33(1):85-9. doi: 10.1007/s00276-010-0685-6. Epub 2010 Jun 12.
We describe a 64-year-old woman evaluated with angiography a case of persistence of a proatlantal artery (type II) with an arteriovenous malformation associated to the posterior cerebral artery. This association has been reported once in the literature consulted. The proatlantal artery arises from external carotid artery, cranial to the origin of facial artery at the level of C4 vertebra, anteromedial to the internal carotid artery, laying on it during its course cranial, lateral and posterior. After making a loop at the level of the transverse process of C3 vertebra, it enters into the transverse foramen of C3 vertebra and continuing its course, through the transverse foramen of C2 and C1 vertebra, as vertebral artery. Winds behind the superior articular process of the atlas enters the skull through the foramen magnum and, at the lower border of the pons, joins with the vessel of the opposite side to form the basilar artery. The internal carotid artery is normal. This variation is associated with congenital arteriovenous malformations that represent the persistence of an embryonic pattern of congenital vessels.
我们描述了一名64岁女性，通过血管造影评估了一例前寰椎动脉（II型）持续存在并伴有大脑后动脉相关动静脉畸形的病例。在查阅的文献中，这种关联仅被报道过一次。前寰椎动脉起源于颈外动脉，在C4椎体水平高于面动脉起源处，位于颈内动脉前内侧，在其向颅侧、外侧和后方走行过程中位于颈内动脉之上。在C3椎体横突水平形成一个袢后，它进入C3椎体的横突孔，并继续前行，通过C2和C1椎体的横突孔，成为椎动脉。绕过寰椎上关节突后方，通过枕骨大孔进入颅骨，并在脑桥下缘与对侧血管汇合形成基底动脉。颈内动脉正常。这种变异与先天性动静脉畸形有关，这些畸形代表了先天性血管胚胎模式的持续存在。
