Sgaramella T M, Ellis A W, Semenza C
Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy.
Cortex. 1991 Mar;27(1):29-39. doi: 10.1016/s0010-9452(13)80266-3.
Samples of spontaneous writing were collected from 150 normal subjects, 13 Broca's aphasics, 23 Wernicke's aphasics and 14 conduction aphasics. The errors obtained were classified using a system derived from investigations of slips of the pen in normal subjects. All three aphasic groups made a higher proportion of word-level errors than did the normal writers. Word-level errors tended to be selection errors (substitutions, blends, neologisms, and omissions) rather than movement errors (anticipations, perseverations and reversals). Conduction aphasics showed proportionately more letter movement and fewer letter selection errors than normal writers while Wernicke's and Broca's aphasics showed similar proportions. Graphic and phonetic similarity was no more important a determinant of letter errors in aphasics than in normals. The span of movement errors was particularly restricted in the Broca's and conduction aphasics. Asking patients to write connected text yields insight into the nature of the underlying disorder that could not be obtained from studying the writing of single words.
从150名正常受试者、13名布罗卡失语症患者、23名韦尼克失语症患者和14名传导性失语症患者中收集了自发书写样本。使用从对正常受试者笔误的调查中得出的系统对所获得的错误进行分类。所有三个失语症组的单词级错误比例都高于正常书写者。单词级错误往往是选择错误（替换、混合、新词和遗漏），而不是动作错误（预期、持续和颠倒）。与正常书写者相比，传导性失语症患者的字母动作错误比例更高，字母选择错误更少，而韦尼克失语症患者和布罗卡失语症患者的比例相似。在失语症患者中，图形和语音相似性作为字母错误的决定因素并不比正常人更重要。动作错误的范围在布罗卡失语症患者和传导性失语症患者中特别受限。要求患者书写连贯文本有助于深入了解潜在疾病的本质，而这是通过研究单个单词的书写无法获得的。
