职业与超重和肥胖的风险：基于澳大利亚健康调查的分析。
Occupational risk of overweight and obesity: an analysis of the Australian Health Survey.
机构信息
School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia.
出版信息
J Occup Med Toxicol. 2010 Jun 16;5:14. doi: 10.1186/1745-6673-5-14.
BACKGROUND
Adults spend about one third of their day at work and occupation may be a risk factor for obesity because of associated socioeconomic and behavioral factors such as physical activity and sedentary time. The aim of this study was to examine body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of overweight and obesity by occupation and explore the contributions of socioeconomic factors and lifestyle behaviors (including leisure time and commuting physical activity, diet, smoking, and alcohol) to occupational risk.
METHODS
Secondary analyses of the National Health Survey in Australia (2005) were conducted for working age adults (20 to 64 years). Linear and logistic regression models using BMI as either dichotomous or continuous response were computed for occupation type. Model 1 was age-adjusted, Model 2 adjusted for age and socioeconomic variables and Model 3 adjusted for age, socioeconomic variables and lifestyle behaviours. All models were stratified by gender.
RESULTS
Age-adjusted data indicated that men in associate professional (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.10-1.63) and intermediate production and transport (OR 1.24 95% CI 1.03-1.50) occupations had a higher risk of BMI >/= 25 kg/m2 than those without occupation, and women in professional (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.61-0.82), management (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.56-0.92) and advanced clerical and service occupations (OR 0.73 95% CI 0.58-0.93) had a lower risk. After adjustment for socioeconomic factors no occupational group had an increased risk but for males, professionals, tradesmen, laborers and elementary clerical workers had a lower risk as did female associate professionals and intermediate clerical workers. Adjustment for lifestyle factors explained the lower risk in the female professional and associate professionals but failed to account for the lower odds ratios in the other occupations.
CONCLUSIONS
The pattern of overweight and obesity among occupations differs by gender. Healthy lifestyle behaviors appear to protect females in professional and associate professional occupations from overweight. For high-risk occupations lifestyle modification could be included in workplace health promotion programs. Further investigation of gender-specific occupational behaviors and additional lifestyle behaviors to those assessed in the current Australian Health Survey, is indicated.
背景
成年人每天大约有三分之一的时间在工作，职业可能是肥胖的一个危险因素，因为它与相关的社会经济和行为因素有关，如身体活动和久坐时间。本研究的目的是检查体重指数（BMI）和超重及肥胖的患病率与职业，并探讨社会经济因素和生活方式行为（包括休闲时间和通勤身体活动、饮食、吸烟和饮酒）对职业风险的贡献。
方法
对澳大利亚国家健康调查（2005 年）中处于工作年龄的成年人（20-64 岁）进行二次分析。使用 BMI 作为二分类或连续反应的线性和逻辑回归模型，计算职业类型。模型 1 为年龄调整，模型 2 调整了年龄和社会经济变量，模型 3 调整了年龄、社会经济变量和生活方式行为。所有模型均按性别分层。
结果
年龄调整数据表明，男性在助理专业（OR 1.34，95%可信区间 1.10-1.63）和中级生产及运输（OR 1.24，95%可信区间 1.03-1.50）职业中，BMI>/=25kg/m2的风险高于无职业者，而女性在专业（OR 0.71，95%可信区间 0.61-0.82）、管理（OR 0.72，95%可信区间 0.56-0.92）和高级文员及服务职业（OR 0.73，95%可信区间 0.58-0.93）的风险较低。在调整社会经济因素后，没有职业群体的风险增加，但男性中，专业人员、技工、体力劳动者和初级文员的风险较低，女性助理专业人员和中级文员的风险也较低。对生活方式因素的调整解释了女性专业人员和助理专业人员的较低风险，但未能解释其他职业较低的比值比。
结论
职业间超重和肥胖的模式因性别而异。健康的生活方式行为似乎保护了女性专业人员和助理专业人员免受超重的影响。对于高风险职业，生活方式的改变可以纳入工作场所健康促进计划。需要进一步调查性别特定的职业行为和当前澳大利亚健康调查中评估的其他生活方式行为。
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