Rolls B J, Fedoroff I C, Guthrie J F
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.
Health Psychol. 1991;10(2):133-42. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.10.2.133.
Gender differences in food intake and selection first appear in adolescence. Men consume more calories than women, and the sexes have different eating styles, which indicate that women have been socialized to eat in a more feminine manner. Women experience more food-related conflict than men do, in that they like fattening foods but perceive that they should not eat them. Pressures to be thin are present in early adolescence, as noted by dieting behavior starting in very young girls. Women experience more dissatisfaction with their body weight and shape than men do. Sociocultural and psychological factors may be important in the etiology of eating disorders, which are much more prevalent in females than in males. Thus, further studies of gender differences in eating behavior will be important for understanding the etiology of eating and body-weight disorders and for designing gender-appropriate treatments.
食物摄入量和选择上的性别差异首先出现在青春期。男性摄入的卡路里比女性多，而且两性的饮食方式不同，这表明女性已被社会化，以更具女性特质的方式进食。女性比男性经历更多与食物相关的冲突，因为她们喜欢易发胖的食物，但又觉得自己不应该吃。正如非常年幼的女孩就开始节食行为所表明的那样，青春期早期就存在追求瘦的压力。女性比男性对自己的体重和体型更不满意。社会文化和心理因素在饮食失调的病因中可能很重要，饮食失调在女性中比在男性中更为普遍。因此，进一步研究饮食行为中的性别差异对于理解饮食和体重失调的病因以及设计适合性别的治疗方法将很重要。
