Feraco Alessandra, Armani Andrea, Gorini Stefania, Camajani Elisabetta, Quattrini Chiara, Filardi Tiziana, Karav Sercan, Strollo Rocky, Caprio Massimiliano, Lombardo Mauro
Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Open University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy.
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, San Raffaele Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166 Rome, Italy.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 6;16(23):4226. doi: 10.3390/nu16234226.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a global health problem with significant chronic disease risks. This study examined gender differences in eating behaviour, body composition, eating frequency and time of hunger in an Italian cohort with obesity (BMI ≥ 30) to inform gender-specific management strategies.
A retrospective analysis of 720 adults (51.5% female, mean age 44.4 ± 13.8 years) assessed body composition and eating behaviour using principal component analysis (PCA) to classify eating profiles (structured, irregular, social and disordered/impulsive eaters).
Males showed higher weight, abdominal circumference and fat mass, while females showed higher fat mass percentages ( < 0.001). Gender differences were observed in the frequency of meals (e.g., 54.7% of males and 64.7% of females consumed 4-5 meals per day, = 0.0018) and the time of hunger (males: before dinner; females: morning hunger, = 0.005). The PCA profiles revealed that the 'structured eaters' had a healthier body composition, whereas the 'disordered/impulsive eaters' had a higher fat mass. Irregular eaters were predominantly male (41.0%), while disordered eaters were predominantly female (39.9%) ( = 0.0016).
Gender-specific eating patterns influence obesity outcomes. Structured eating was associated with healthier profiles, whereas impulsive or irregular patterns were related to higher fat mass. The retrospective design and non-validated questionnaire for dietary behaviour assessment limit generalisability, warranting further research for tailored interventions.
ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06654674).
背景/目的：肥胖是一个全球性的健康问题，具有重大的慢性病风险。本研究调查了意大利肥胖队列（体重指数≥30）中饮食行为、身体成分、进食频率和饥饿时间的性别差异，以为针对性别的管理策略提供依据。
对720名成年人（51.5%为女性，平均年龄44.4±13.8岁）进行回顾性分析，使用主成分分析（PCA）评估身体成分和饮食行为，以对饮食模式进行分类（结构化、不规律、社交性和无序/冲动性进食者）。
男性的体重、腹围和脂肪量更高，而女性的脂肪量百分比更高（<0.001）。在进餐频率（例如，54.7%的男性和64.7%的女性每天进食4 - 5餐，P = 0.0018）和饥饿时间方面观察到性别差异（男性：晚餐前；女性：早晨饥饿，P = 0.005）。主成分分析结果显示，“结构化进食者”的身体成分更健康，而“无序/冲动性进食者”的脂肪量更高。不规律进食者以男性为主（41.0%），而无序进食者以女性为主（39.9%）（P = 0.0016）。
特定性别的饮食模式会影响肥胖结果。结构化饮食与更健康的身体状况相关，而冲动或不规律的饮食模式与更高的脂肪量有关。回顾性设计以及用于饮食行为评估的未经验证的问卷限制了研究结果的普遍性，需要进一步研究以制定针对性的干预措施。
ClinicalTrials.gov（NCT06654674）
