Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumuensterallee 9, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland.
J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2011 Mar;118(3):371-9. doi: 10.1007/s00702-010-0426-3. Epub 2010 Jun 17.
Both Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), a disease associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), affect a great number of the world population and both have increased prevalence with age. Recently, many studies demonstrated that pre-diabetes, MetS, and T2DM are risk factors in the development of AD and have many common mechanisms. The main focus of studies is the insulin resistance outcome found both in MetS as well as in brains of AD subjects. However, oxidative stress (OS)-related mechanisms, which are well known to be involved in AD, including mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated iron concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and stress-related enzyme or proteins (e.g. heme oxygenase-1, transferrin, etc.), have not been elucidated in MetS or T2DM brains although OS and iron are involved in the degeneration of the pancreatic islet β cells. Therefore, this review sets to cover the current literature regarding OS and iron in MetS and T2DM and the similarities to mechanisms in AD both in human subjects as well as in animal models.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是最常见的痴呆症，2 型糖尿病（T2DM）是一种与代谢综合征（MetS）相关的疾病，它们都影响着世界上大量的人口，而且随着年龄的增长，这两种疾病的发病率都在增加。最近，许多研究表明，糖尿病前期、MetS 和 T2DM 是 AD 发展的危险因素，并且具有许多共同的机制。研究的主要重点是在 MetS 以及 AD 患者的大脑中发现的胰岛素抵抗结果。然而，氧化应激（OS）相关机制，包括线粒体功能障碍、铁浓度升高、活性氧（ROS）和应激相关酶或蛋白质（如血红素加氧酶-1、转铁蛋白等），尽管 OS 和铁参与了胰岛β细胞的退化，但在 MetS 或 T2DM 大脑中尚未得到阐明。因此，本综述旨在涵盖有关 MetS 和 T2DM 中 OS 和铁的当前文献，以及在人类和动物模型中 AD 机制的相似性。
