Department of Psychology, Tel Aviv University.
J Trauma Stress. 2010 Jun;23(3):367-75. doi: 10.1002/jts.20524.
Prior trauma can hinder coping with additional adversity or inoculate against the effect of recurrent adversity. The present study further addressed this issue by examining whether a subsample of Holocaust survivors and comparison groups, drawn from the Israeli component of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe, were differentially affected by post-Holocaust cumulative adversity. Post-Holocaust cumulative adversity had a stronger effect on the lifetime depression of Holocaust survivors than on that of comparisons. However, comparisons were more negatively affected by post-Holocaust cumulative adversity when examining markers of physical and cognitive functioning. Our findings suggest that previous trauma can both sensitize and immunize, as Holocaust survivors show general resilience intertwined with specific vulnerability when confronted with additional cumulative adversity.
先前的创伤可能会阻碍应对额外逆境的能力，或者对反复出现的逆境的影响产生免疫。本研究通过检查大屠杀幸存者和比较组的一个亚样本（从欧洲健康、老龄化和退休调查的以色列部分抽取）是否受到后大屠杀累积逆境的不同影响，进一步解决了这个问题。与比较组相比，后大屠杀累积逆境对大屠杀幸存者的终身抑郁有更强的影响。然而，当研究身体和认知功能的指标时，比较组受到后大屠杀累积逆境的负面影响更大。我们的研究结果表明，先前的创伤既可以使人敏感化，也可以使人免疫，因为当面对额外的累积逆境时，大屠杀幸存者表现出一般的韧性，同时也表现出特定的脆弱性。
